中国大学课程结构改革研究

【作者】 罗尧成；

【导师】 胡弼成；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 高等教育学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 文章首先分析了课程理论界对“课程”的种种阐释，认为“课程”具有本质的多元性、内涵的广泛性和内容的计划性等特征，这些认识在新时代下拓宽了我们的课程视域，为课程结构改革提供了广阔视野。“课程结构”包括组成要素、比例关系和组织方式三个有机统一成分。中国大学在“专业教育”和“知识本位”思想指导下形成的课程结构已不适于知识经济时代所需的创新性人才的培养。科学技术的进步、培养目标的改变和课程理论的发展共同推动着中国大学课程结构的改革。 在创新性人才培养目标的达成上，发达国家大学课程结构的改革动向为中国提供了许多有益启示：中国大学课程结构改革必须注重拓宽专业口径、扩大选修比例、加强人文课程、开展课题教学、增设国际课程以及实施普通教育课程和专业教育课程结构上的“四年一贯”；并强调：改革既要借鉴发达国家的成功经验，又须立足于中国国情和大学自身校情，切不可全盘照搬。 中国大学课程结构的改革目标是建立一个“连续多向型”的课程系统，这一课程系统的构建必须遵循整体优化、开放性、“少而精”、个性化和学生主体的改革原则。文章指出大学的课程可分为通识教育课程和专业教育课程两类，并提出对其分别进行“时空”维和“深度”维改造的优化思路和操作方略；论文通过对通识教育课程与专业教育课程之间的结构、通识教育课程的内部结构以及专业教育课程的内部结构各自予以优化，以期达到对整个大学课程结构优化的目的。 文章最后指出：必须对课程结构的“生成系统”和“实施系统”分别予以保障，并有来自社会大系统的有力支持，中国大学课程结构的优化目标才能最终得以实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Having analyzed different explanations for "curriculum" in the educational research field, tills dissertation holds that curriculum owns the following attributes: varied in essence, wide in connotation, targeted in content. These understandings widen our horizons towards curriculum in the new era and provide broad space to the reform of curriculum structure for colleges in China. "Curriculum structure" includes three organic and integrated aspects: componential elements, relative proportion and organizational patterns. The thoughts of major education and that of knowledge-oriented education have resulted in the curriculum structure of Chinese colleges, which can’t play a great part in cultivating creativity talents knowledge-economy longs for. The progress of science and technology, the changes of the cultivating goal, the development of the theories of curriculum all push forward the reform of curriculum structure.To reach the teaching goal of cultivating creativity talents, the reform directions of curriculum structure in developed countries can give us many enlightenments: broadening the major specifications, enlarging the proportion of optional courses, strengthening humanistic courses, constructing project-organized curricula, increasing the number of international curricula, and arranging the liberal education curricula and major education curricula simultaneously. What’s more, it is emphasized that the reform of curriculum structure in Chinese colleges must be based on the consideration of reality rather than merely mock the successful ways and measures which the developed countries have undertaken.The goal of curriculum structure reform in Chinese colleges is to establish a curriculum system, which can be described as "continuum and multi-orientation". To form such a structure-optimized curriculum system, we must follow the basic fundamentals of whole optimization, openness, preciseness, individuality and subjectivity. This dissertation points out that curricula in colleges can be divided into liberal education ones and major education ones, and provides an optimized thinking mode and concrete methods and strategies for the reformers from the dimensions of depth as well as time and space. It consists of the following three aspects in detail, structure optimization between liberal education curricula and major education curricula, optimization of the internal structure of liberal education curricula and optimization of the internal structure of the major education curricula. Through die way of optimizing the above three aspects respectively, the author hopes to reach the goal of optimizing curriculum structure in Chinese colleges on the whole.This dissertation finally holds that only an assurance is given to the productive system and the implementing system respectively, and with the effective supports from society, can the goal of forming an optimized curriculum structure in Chinese colleges come true.更多还原