【作者】 彭丹；

【导师】 刘胜祥；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 植物学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 湖北后河国家级自然保护区位于湖北省西南部的五峰土家族自治县境内，地理坐标位于东经110°29′25″～110°40′45″，北纬30°2′45″～30°8′40″。该区地处中亚热带与北亚热带过渡带，属亚热带季风气候。 笔者在苔藓孢蒴成熟的春季(四月)和秋季(八月)到保护区，采集苔藓标本600余号。在标本整理及鉴定的基础上，统计出后河共有藓类植物33科90属192种(含3变种1亚种)。把所含种数多于8的科定为优势科，后河保护区有9个优势科，共含43属118种，分别占后河保护区藓类植物科的27.27％，属的48.31％，种的61.46％，构成了后河保护区藓类植物区系的主体。在这些优势科中，大多数是代表温带分布的大科，如丛藓科(Pottiaceae)，提灯藓科(Mniaceae)，羽藓科(Thuidiaceae)，凤尾藓科(Fissidentaceae)，绢藓科(Entodontaceae)；代表热带、亚热带分布的有平藓科(Neckeraceae)，蔓藓科(Meteoriaceae)；世界广布科有灰藓科(Hypnaceae)，真藓科(Bryaceae)。由此可见，后河自然保护区中藓类植物的主体成分以温带成分为主，也有一定数量的热带成分。 本文按现有资料，并参照吴征镒先生对中国种子植物属的分布区类型的划分，将后河自然保护区藓类植物划分为9种成分，其中东亚成分是最丰富的成分，有65种，占总数(扣除世界广布种，下同)的36.72％，北温带成分有53种，占29.94％，仅次于东亚成分，热带成分(包括泛热带成分、古热带成分和热带亚洲)有38种，占总种数的21.47％。表明了后河自然保护区是热带、亚热带成分向北扩展和北温带成分向南渗透的过渡地带，这种情况与其所处的地理位置相符合。 两地相似性指标的比较，可以判断其区系的亲近程度。通过与7个山体和地区(湖北神农架保护区、湖北九宫山保护区、河南连康山保护区、浙江古田山保护区、四川金佛山、云南西山、吉林长白山)进行藓类植物区系的比较，后河保护区藓类植物区系与九宫山保护区、神农架保护区、金佛山的关系最为密切，它们属的相似性指标都超过了50％。这可以从它们所处的地理位置和自然条件加以解释。九宫山保护区与后河保护区处于同一纬度上，同属于亚热带 ftewe’W 硕士学位论文 WWgr MASTER’S Tlffi徘 季风气候，都是北亚热带落叶阔叶林和中亚热带常绿阔叶林的过渡带，气候条 件较为相似。但后河地理环境较为复杂，保护区内形成小气候，热带成分比九 宫山的多。神农架与后河处于同一经度上，且纬度相差不大门“24’），气候 帝、气候类型也大体相同，尽管后河分布的一些热带种类不见于神农架，但两 地募类区系仍有亲近性。金佛山的区系与后河的最为接近，金佛山的募类区系 被认为“无论从区系分析或数量统计，均说明在我国苔募植物区系中具有铰明 显的过渡性特点，也即金佛山正处于我国苔盔植物区系较关键的南北区系的交 汇地区”。而后河也处于北亚热带和中亚热带的过渡带，故其区系有惊人的相 似性。 与后河保护区的属的相似性指标低于50％的有连康山（43石8％）、古田山 N8．28O人西山N7．36％L长白山 门0．38O人这反映了它们与后河保护区 要类区系的近亲性不大。特别是长白山，低于35％，说明与后河保护区不存在 相似性，这主要是因为后河保护区与其在地理位置上相距太远，分属不同的植 被带和气候带。 作者在野外采集标本的过程中，同时对后河不同海拔，不同生境（水生。 石生。土生、木生）的募类植物群落作了初步的调查研究，共调查样方 120个。 按陈邦杰先生在“中国苔蓟植物的生态群落和地理分布的初步报告”一文中 对苔募植物群落的分类方法，后河保护区的凄类生态群落分为水生群落，石生 群落，土生群落和木生群落。其中以石生群落和木生群落为主。垂直和水平分 布都极不平衡，大部分群落集中分布于杨家河溪流两岸的山谷之中，而垂直分 布主要集中为1050～1400m。更多还原

【Abstract】 Houhe National Nature Reserve is located in the south of Wufeng Tujiazu Autonomous County in the southwestern Hubei Province, With its geographical position from 110?29 ’ 25"Eto 110?40 ’ 45"E in longitude and 30?2 ’ 45"N to 30?8 ’ 40"N in latitudeThe topography inclines step by step from west to east, with altitudes varied from 2252.2m to 499m in the reserve. It is mountainous area with peak over peak and there are more than 20 peaks with altitude over lOOOm.The reserve is located in the transitional climatic belt between middle subtropical zone and north subtropical zone, with distinct four seasons, cold whiter and hot summer.In August 1999 and April 2001 separately, the author collected more than 600 packages of mosses in Houhe National Nature Reserve. From these specimens, 33 families, 9 genera and 192 species (including 1 subspecies and 3 varieties) are identified. If the family that contains more than 8 species distributed in the Reserve is defined as the preponderant family, then there are 9 preponderant families including 43 genera and 118 species in the Houhe National Nature Reserve. Most of the preponderant families, such as Pottiaceae, Mniaceae, Thuidiaceae, Fissidentaceae and Entodontaceae, are ones widely distributing in temperate regions. There are also families mainly distributing in the tropical and subtropical zone such as Neckeraceae, Meteoriaceae and the families distributing all over the world such as Hypnaceae and Bryaceae.A preliminary floristic analysis shows that bryoflora of the Houhe National Nature Reserve is composed of 9 elements: Cosmopolitan, Pantropical element, Paleotropical element, India-Malaysia element, North Temperate element, East Asian-North American element, Euro-Asian element, East Asia element and Element endemic to China. The great majority of the moss species, 65 species corresponding to 36.72% of the total, belongs to East Asia element. Following the East element, the North Temperate elements consist of 53 species corresponding to 29.94% of the total. The tropical elements (including Pantropical element,Paleotropical element and India-Malaysia element) consist of 38 species sharing 21.47% of the total. The results show that the Houhe National Nature Reserve is transitional climatic belt where the tropical and subtropical elements extend northwards and the North Temperate elements infiltrate southwards, which accords with its geographical location.The comparisons of the bryoflora of the Houhe National Nature Reserve and those of other mountains and regions including Shennongjia National Nature Reserve (Hubei Province), Jiugongshan National Nature Reserve (Hubei Province), Liankangshan Nature Reserve (Henan Province), Gutianshan Nature Reserve (Zhejiang Province), Mt.Jinfu (Sichuan Province), Mt.Changbaishan (Jilin Province) were done. The results show that the relation between the bryoflora of Houhe National Nature Reserve and that of Mt.Jinfu, Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Jiugongshan National Nature Reserve is the most closest for their genera similarity coefficients are more than 50%, which can be explained by the parallel geographical locations and the similar climatic characteristics of the compared areas. However, the remainder areas, namely Liankangshan Nature Reserve, Gutianshan Nature Reserve, Mt.Xishan and Mt.Changbaishan have no similarity for their generic similarity coefficients are less than 50%.The moss-societies of Houhe National Nature Reserve are very complicated. There are four types of moss-societies (Hydrophytia, Geophytia, Peterophytia and Epixylophytia). Peterophytia and Epixylophytia are more diverse and widely distributed in Huishaxi valley and Yangjiahe valley, whose altitudes are between 1050m and 1400m.更多还原