株洲城市街区夏日温度分布与街道特征关系的研究

【作者】 刘翕劼；

【导师】 何平；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 生态学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文研究了夏日株洲市蒸发量与温度变化的关系以及街道特征与温度分布的关系，对城市生态热环境特征进行了理论上的探讨，以期为株洲市的环境生态规划提供理论指导。 结果表明：株洲市河东比河西的夏日平均气温要低0.1℃。两个区域内的人行道上比车道上的平均气温低0.3℃。热岛强度最大的地方在炎帝广场中心，达到2.8℃。 在混凝土上空，近地层温度是影响蒸发量的最主要因素。混凝土下垫面的近地层温度在观测的温度范围内与蒸发量呈一定的正相关。对照观测的结果表明：两处混凝土下垫面在其它条件相同，但平均蒸发量差值为0.607克／(cm2.小时)的时候，蒸发量大的混凝土上空0.5米处气温会比蒸发量小的混凝土上空0.5米处气温平均低0.5℃。结果还显示：仅用大量蒸发来降温是远远不够的，利用绿化空间来降温作用会大许多；并且环境湿度过大或过小时降温过程都会受到抑制。 对绿化率、街道走向、街宽与周边建筑高度比L／H等因子进行正交分析的结果表明：株洲市夏日白天东西走向街区的温度总比南北走向街区的温度高，平均高0.6℃—0.7℃；L／H越小，两者差值越大，最高时达1.4℃—1.8℃。 高大建筑物对于减少街区内的太阳辐射吸收量有相当大的作用。东西走向街区吸收的太阳辐射能不会因街道两边建筑物的高度产生明显变化，但是L／H值太小时，会减慢街区内的散热从而使温度提高。增加绿化率产生的降温效果显著；南北走向的街区在L／H较小(0.8)的时候，能大大减少街区吸收的太阳辐射热，有利于降温，但增加绿化率的降温效果不明显。 论文的研究结果对株洲市的开发和建设中建筑及绿化的布局和结构调整提供了参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 We studied the microclimate characteristics in the summer and the interrelationship among the climate elements in Zhuzhou city. The results showed that there was a temperature difference of 0. 1℃ between the eastern district and the western district in the city. The center of Yandi Square was the center of heat-island, with an average value of 2. 8癈. The results also showed that the temperature near the ground was the main factor influencing the evaporation. When the gap of evaporation rate was 0. 602g/ (cm2, hour), it led to a temperature gap of 0. 5癈 in average at 0. 5m above the concrete ground. It was not efficient to decrease temperature in the summer by means of water evaporation. It is more important to reduce temperature in the street in the summer by increasing plant cover. Normally, humidity had a strong influence on temperature in the street. However, when it was too high or too low, its influence became much weak.We analyzed also the relationship between temperature and the elements such as planting ratio, streets direction, and L/H. The result showed that:The temperature in W~E oriented streets was always higher than that in N-S oriented streets, with an average: 0. 6癈-0. 7℃. The difference would be higher when L/H value was lower, and the biggest difference reached to 1. 4℃ -1. 8℃. The high buildings by the streets could effectively reduce the absorption of solar energy within the streets.In a word, L/H value did not affect the absorption of solar energy in a W-E street. . When L/H value was too low, it would slow down the heat emission of a street, and keep the temperature higher and for a longer time, comparing with that of a high L/H-valued street. The increase of plant ratio would decrease effectively the temperature under this circumstance. It was utterly opposite while to an N~S oriented street.The results also provided some principled suggestion for the city construction and development in Zhuzhou.更多还原