吉长铁路护路斗争探微（1902—1918）

【作者】 尹新华；

【导师】 曲晓范；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 吉长铁路护路斗争既是近代东北史中一个影响很大的问题，也是近代中国维护路权运动中的典型案例。在这场斗争中，中国内部各级社会阶层在民族主义情绪作用下，都表现出了护路抗争的共性；同时，由于出发点不尽一致，他们的抗争姿态也各不相同，并且还呈现着阶段性的差异。本文以吉长路权交涉为主线，分层次、分阶段地探析中央政府、吉林地方当局以及吉林民众等各级社会阶层在维护路权斗争中的姿态及他们之间的相互关系，以期对这一历史事件获得立体且连续的动态认识。 第一部分：考察了吉长铁路修建之前，清中央政府、吉林地方当局在遏抑俄国侵略步伐的共同愿望下，都提出了自办吉长铁路的主张，但最终却出于多方考虑，先后放弃自办初衷。总体而言，中央和地方政府维护吉长路权的意识仍处于萌动阶段。 第二部分：考察了日俄战争结束后，在吉长路权问题上，日、俄、中三国关系表现出交叉重叠的态势，清中央政府、吉林地方当局和吉林民众(以立宪派士绅为主)维护吉长路权的抗争由此进入高潮阶段。但是由于出发点各异，中国各阶层之间展露出了一系列的矛盾，最终为日本所利用，铸成了“中日合办”吉长铁路的事实。 第三部分：考察了吉长铁路修建与营运期间的护路斗争。其中，在起着关键作用的“二十一条”交涉过程中，吉林民众(以新知识分子为主)已积极地汇入到全国性的反日、抵制日货的风暴中，直接给日本对华方针造成了一定压力。但北洋政府在对日妥协的既定政策调控下，压制国内民气、出卖国家利益，终究难挽路权丧失的狂澜。 总之，在吉长铁路护路斗争中，中国内部各级社会阶层虽然都有过不同程度的抗争，但是他们最终都难以走上合作抗争的道路，这直接弱化了护路效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The struggle for the title of the Jilin-Changchun Railway is not only a problem of important influence in modern Northeast Chinese history but also one classic case in the campaign of maintaining the railway right in modern Chinese age. In the course of the Struggle, spurred by strong nationalism, all different Strata in Chinese interior manifested similar fighting spirit. At the same time, subject to the dissimilar standpoints, they exhibited different struggle postures in different stages. Along the clue of the negotiations around the Jilin-Changchun Railway, this thesis wants to analyze layer upon layer and periodically what postures all kinds of strata, such as the central government, the Jilin authorities and the Jilin masses, exhibited in the struggle and what their interrelations were. So we can find out a three-dimensional and uninterrupted picture about the struggle for the Jilin-Changchun railway.Part one: Investigated the story that before the railway construction, in expectation of containing Russian aggression, the central government of the Qing dynasty, the Jilin authorities all put forward schemes which request construct the railway by themselves. But subsequently they abandoned their schemes early or later out of different reasons. In balance, the consciousnesses of the central and local government to struggle for the railway right were still in a preliminary stage.Part two: Investigated the interlaced relations among Japan, Russia, and China about the title of the Jilin-Changchun Railway since the end of the Japanese-Russian war. Hereafter, the combat for the Jilin-Changchun Railway undertook by the central government of Qing dynasty, the Jilin authorities and Jilin masses (represented mainly by constitutionalist)reached the high tide stage. But out of series conflicts among the fighters which originated from different standpoints, the Japanese finally imposed a "Sino-Japanese cooperation" pattern on China.Part three: Investigated the fighting During the construction and management of the Railway, hi the course of the crucial "Twenty One Items" negotiations, the Jilin masses, mainly new intellectuals, already joined actively in the stonns of repelling Japanese and rejecting Japanese commodities. Their fighting directly brought pressures to Japanese China policy. But under the existing transigent policy and in order to maintaining their authority, the BeiYang government suppressed aforementioned struggles and even betrayed national interests. These activities ultimately resulted in the further lose of the right of the Jilin-Changchun Railway.hi a word, although each stratum of Chinese society put up struggle varying in degree, they can not cooperate each other, which impaired the effect of the fighting.更多还原