长春市典型草坪植物光合蒸腾及耗水生态特性的研究

【作者】 边红枫；

【导师】 盛连喜； 刘静玲；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在可持续发展理论、城市生态学理论和系统分析理论的指导下，分析了目前城市生态系统的特征及存在的问题，认识到城市草坪具有美化绿化环境、调节气候、固土涵水、净化和监测环境等生态环境效应。针对目前城市草坪与人类争水的矛盾焦点，将我国北方典型的缺水城市—长春作为主要的研究地，选择了草坪生理生态特性及耗水规律作为研究内容。 草坪光合、蒸腾作用及耗水生态特性研究主要经历了四个发展阶段：(1)草坪生理学发展——个体水平阶段；(2)草坪生态学发展——群落水平阶段；(3)草坪抗旱机理——分子水下阶段；(4)理论应用于实践——生态系统水平阶段。目前草坪耗水量的研究已成为全世界草坪业研究的热点问题。 本文在系统地分析了黑麦草、紫羊茅和早熟禾的生态适应性后，进一步证实了研究对象具有典型性和普遍性。在2001年5-10月期间，用英国的TPS-1型便携式光合仪对长春市典型的三种草坪植物净光合速率、蒸腾速率及相关生理生态因子进行测定，同期实验得出土壤含水量等外界环境因子的量值。将结果进行分析，得出三种草坪草光合、蒸腾的年、日变化规律及与外界环境因子的关系，通过计算求出草坪草单位面积的蒸腾耗水量，为长春市园林部门提供科研基础数据，对北方城市草坪的选种及水分管理提供合理化建议，期望以尽可能少的经济投入换取更大的生态效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis which is guided by sustainable development and theory of system analysis, we analyzed the character of city biogeocenose and some problem in it at present , cognize city lawn is provided with ecological environment of beautify and virescence environment, adjust climate, fasten soil and preserve water, purify and monitor environment and so on. In view of conflict focus on city lawn and human contending water, we select Changchun city which is a city of lacking water in north as study section, and lake physiological and ecological character of lawn as study content.Lawn photosynthetic, transpiration and water consumption chatacter go through mostly four seedtime:(1) Lawn physiology development - individual level phases; (2) Law ecology development - community level phases; (3) Lawn drought resistance mechanism - molecule level phases; (4) theory application in practice - ecosystem level phases.Now, it is studying water consumption of lawn that becomes hotspot problem of studying in lawn industry.The thesis approve research objects have representative character and universality after systematic analysis of zoology adaptability of Poa pralensis, Red Fes cue and Target Percnnia Ryegrass. Using TPS-1 cellular photosynthesis system, We measured net photosynthetic rates ? transpiration rale and correlation physiological and physiological and ecological environment factors of three kind typical lawn in Changchun during the period from May to October in 2001 .We got such environmental factors of outside as soil moisture amount and so on at the same time. The relation which is among photosynthetic of three kind lawnx dateable and yearly transpiration rule and environmental factor is found by analysis. It is gotten account water consumption of lawn in certain unite area and ecological water requirement by accounting. All the result provides basic-2-data for park and garden department in Changchun and offer scientific and logical advice. At the same time we hope to get more ecological benefit by using less economy.更多还原