东北东部山地森林植被的生态气候学研究

【作者】 靳英华；

【导师】 吴正方；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 全球变化与生物多样性的研究日益被人类所关注，由于生物是环境变化中最敏感的生态因子，因此植被常被用来做为全球变化或区域稳定与否的判断指标，如土地利用与土地覆盖的研究，植被就是一项非常重要的指标。正因为植被对环境中各项因子的变化反应都敏感，植被与气候关系的研究就重新成为目前学科交叉的前沿和重点，特别是植被分布与气候的关系、自然植被净第一性生产力与气候的关系、植被对全球气候变化的可能响应及从植被生态机制出发研究生态系统的过程等更是多学科研究的热点问题。 目前，植被与气候关系的研究侧重与大尺度与宏观的抽象研究，对小尺度、微观的具体地段植被与气候的关系研究即局地生态气候的研究尚待深入。本文在建立生态气候学指标的基础上，应用桑斯威特方法对东北东部山地森林植被的时空分布进行了定量分析。首先，应用Leemans和Cramer(1990)建立的全球气候网格(0.5°×0.5°)数据库对东北区1175个点的月均温和年降水量进行统计分析并计算了1175个点的可能蒸散PE、湿润指数IM、温暖指数WI和湿度指数HI；其次利用吴正方和徐文铎的半峰宽(PWH)计算法确定的30个主要树种和东北东部地带性植被分布区的水热指数；再次利用Surfer软件绘制东北东部山地的可能蒸散PE分布图、湿润指数IM分布图，确定东北东部地带性植被分布的生态气候学指标，并利用Spss软件分别建立可能蒸散PE、湿润指数IM与经度和纬度关系的回归方程；最后计算长白山不同坡向垂直带植被的温度效率指数及其分布高度，并利用ArcGIS8.1软件做长白山1：200,000的DEM图，得到长白山不同坡向各垂直带植被与温度效率指数的关系图。 研究结果表明，桑斯威特方法对东北东部山地森林植被与生态气候的变化具有非常好的相关关系，因此，用植被做指标研究东部山地的生态气候是一种较好的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Now people pay more attention to the research of Global Change and biodiversity . Vegetation is often used as the index of global change and region stabilization because of its sensitivity . So the research of the relationship between vegetation and climate becomes the frontal and emphasis in crossed subject study . Especially , the relationship between distribution of vegetation and climate , the relationship between natural vegetation Net Primary Productivety (NPP) and climate , the possible response to Global Change , and forest dynamics based on vegetation ecophysiology and process analysis become the focus in many subjects .The research of the relationship between Global Change and vegetation is now emphasized particularly on the larger scaled , macroscopical and abstract study . But the smaller scaled , microcosmic and specific study needs more work . In this paper we analyze the forest vegetation in the east upland area of Northeast China quantitatively by using the eco-climate factor’s of Thornthwaite. We use the Global Climate Grid (0.5*0.5) (Leemans and Cramer, 1990) in our research. By using the average temperature per-month and the average precipitation per-year of 1775 sites calculate the factors of PE % IM> WI and HI .By using the calculating method of PWH (Wu Zhengfang ,Xu Wenduo),we define 30 main species of trees and the index of distribution of temperature and water of the zonal vegetation type in the east upland area of Northeast China. By using the software Sufer ,we create the distribution plot of IM and PE and define the eco-climate index of horizontal zonal vegetation type .By using software Spss, we give the regression equation of IE and PE respectively and calculate the index of temprature efficiency and the distributing altitude of vertical vegetation zones on the different slope of Changbai Mountain. And from the database of 1:200,000 getting from ArcGISS.l ,we create the figure ofrelationship between the index of temprature efficiency and the distributing altitude of vertical vegetation zones on the different slope of Changbai Mountain.The research upwards indicate that the method of Thornthwaite play a positive role in the research of eco-climate . It’s a effective method by using vegetation as the index of eco-climate study in east area .更多还原