20世纪菲尔兹奖获得者研究

【作者】 吕建荣；

【导师】 曲安京；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 科学技术史， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 菲尔兹奖被誉为“数学中的诺贝尔奖”，菲尔兹奖获得者是当代的数学精英，他们的工作，代表着当今数学发展的主流。本文在对20世纪42位菲尔兹奖获得者进行简单介绍的基础上，对获奖者情况进行了统计分析，并应用文献计量学的方法，对获奖者被MR收录的所有论文进行计量分析，找出获奖者群体的规律性问题。最后应用以上结果，对我国的科学评价体制、科技奖励制度、科学发展的社会环境等问题进行了一些讨论。 一、通过对20世纪42位获奖者基本情况统计分析发现：(1)获奖者的获奖成就主要集中拓扑学、代数学、代数几何学、微分方程、分析学、数论等方面，这些学科代表着20世纪数学发展的主流。(2)获奖者主要集中在美、英、法三个经济发达、社会稳定、对科技教育投资大，并有较为完善的科技奖励体制的国家。(3)获奖者进入数学研究领域的时间为20—30岁(平均年龄23.6岁)，而获奖年龄在30—40岁(平均年龄35.1岁)。 二、通过对1940年1月—2001年9月期间，42位获奖者被MR收录的所有论文计量分析发现：(1)论文高产期主要集中在25-45岁，高产期峰值几率最大的范围是25-35岁(比别的学科早)；(2)在发表文章的所有时间内，论文年产量主要集中在1-2.5篇／年的范围内；(3)获奖者发表论文的期刊主要集中在《数学纪事》等65种刊物，这些期刊应该是数学类国际核心期刊；(4)近20年来获奖者研究方向主要集中在大范围分析、泛函分析等13个类目上；(5)获奖后比获奖前短期内生产力平均下降18.261％；(6)获奖者论文长度主要在1-20页范围内，获奖后发表的短论文的比例有所下降，发表的长文章的比例有所增加；(7)随着时间的变化，拓扑学、微分方程2个学科的论文人均年产量有增加的趋势，代数学、代数几何学2学科有减少的趋势；不同学科论文的人均年产量也有差异。 三、应用以上结论，对我国科学发展的社会环境进行讨论：(1)应该改变过分强调论文数量和SCI的基础研究评价体制，鼓励年轻人思考“一流的问题”；(2)针对科学精英取得研究成就的时间特点，建立完备的青年科技奖励制度；(3)加强国际科技交流，增加青年人向科学大师学习的机会；(4)改革教育体制，建立有利于科学发展的自由、开放、宽松的学术环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Fields Medal is entitled the Nobel Prize for mathematics. Winners of the Fields Medal are elites in contemporary mathematics field. Their work represents the mainstream in the math development. On the basis of a brief research on the 42 medal winners of the 20th century, a statistical analysis has been made on the overall winners. Methods in Bibliometrics is applied to analyze all the thesis embodied by MR so as to find out certain formulas in the work of all the winners . In the end, based on the above outcome, a discussion is made on issues such as the evaluation system in science, the award system in science field for the youth, the social circumstance for the science development.Through the statistical analysis of all the 42 winners of the 20th century, discoveries have been made that: 1. Achievements of the medal winners centralize in Topology, Algebra, Algebraic Geometry, Differential equation, Analysis, Theory of Number and so on, which represent the mainstream of the math development in the 20th century. 2. The majority of the medal winners are from nations like the United States American, England and France, which countries all possess advanced economy, stable social environment, large amount of investment in science, and well-equipped science award system; 3. The age by which the medal winners are involved in math study is from 20 years old to 30 years old (averaging 23. 6), the age by which they win the medal range from 30 to 40 years old (averaging 35. 1).Through the use of methods in bibliometrics, a study of all the treatises by the 42 medal winners is made. These treatises are published in MR from January 1940 to September 2001. It is found: 1. The high production period occur from the age of 25 to 45, during which the most productive period is from 25 to 35, which is earlier than other disciplines; 2: Considering the time period during which treatises are published, the amount of yearly production of treatises ranges from 1 to 2. 5 every year; 3. Their published treatises are mainly centralized in 65 periodical such as Annals of Mathematics, which all belong to international key periodicals of math; 4. The research orientation of the medal winners mainly involves 13 subject such as Global Analysis, Functional Analysis; 5. The short time production after their winning the medal decreases on average 18. 261% compared with beforehand; 6. The length of the treatises of the medal winners range from 1 to 20 pages, there is a decrease in the publication of short treatises after their winning the medal, An increase in the publication of long treatises appears correspondingly; 7. With the passage of time, in disciplines such as Topology, Differential Equation, the yearly production of treatises per person increases, otherwisedisciplines such as Algebra and Algebraic Geometry confront a production decline. In addition that the yearly production of treatises per person is different in various disciplines.On the basis of the above conclusion, a discussion is made on the social environment for science development: 1. A change should be made on the originally excessive emphasis on the number of treatise as well as on the evaluation system of the foundation research of SCI, young people should be encouraged to study the most advanced issues; 2. Well-equipped young people’s science award system should be established to arouse their enthusiasm; 3. Promote international science communication, which enables young to learn from great masters of Science in the world; 4. Create a favorable social environment for science development.更多还原