【作者】 石海峰；

【导师】 张兴祥；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 材料学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 蓄热调温纺织品是一种通过将低温相变物质粘结在纺织品表面或植入纤维内部，使纺织品具有当外界环境温度变化时，可自动吸收、储存、再分配和释放热能的功能，当环境温度低于设定值时，发生液-固相转变放出热量，使纺织品内部保持较高的温度；当环境温度高于设定值时，发生固-液相转变吸收热量，使纺织品内部保持较低的温度，使其温度处于较舒适的范围。蓄热调温纺织品是一种智能纺织品，是自防水透湿织物以来的二十多年中最重要的舒适性纺织品技术。 本项研究的目的是为研制出在室温下具有近红外线和可见光吸收，并能吸收、放出热量的纤维—光热转换蓄热调温纤维进行应用基础研究。 本项研究在采用红外灯、摄影灯、硅碳棒外接调压器、红外温度计、点温仪对碳化锆、碳化硅和三氧化二铝的近红外线、可见光吸收性能的基础上，将0-8％的碳化锆和4％的碳化硅粉末添加在聚丙烯中熔融(复合)纺丝，制成了多种组成和结构的纤维，并采用DSC、TG、红外测温仪、点温计和强力仪等对纤维的光热吸收性能、热稳定性能和物理机械性能进行了系统研究。 本项研究采用低温相变材料—石蜡烃为囊芯，尿素-三聚氰胺-甲醛共聚物为囊壁，采用原位聚合法制备出了直径在10微米以下的相变材料微胶囊，并采用DSC、TG、SEM和LM等手段对微胶囊的结构、性质及影响因素进行了系统研究。 本项研究还将相变材料微胶囊和光热转换陶瓷微粉为功能性填加成分，以聚丙烯为基材，熔融(复合)纺丝，纺制出了光热转换蓄热调温纤维，并采用DSC、TG、SEM、LM、红外测温仪、点温计和强力仪等多种仪器和方法对制造工艺与纤维结构及性能的关系进行了研究，为该纤维的生产开发建立应用理论基础。 通过本项研究，得出如下结论： 1、不同波长红外线对陶瓷粉的吸热性能有显著影响，不同陶瓷粉的吸收波长不同，碳化锆、碳化硅较之三氧化二铝具有更好的近红外线吸收性能。 2、陶瓷粉填加量影响光热转换纤维非织造布的性能，随着填加量增加，纤维非织造布的光热转换能力随之增加；但填加量达到4％以后光热转换能力将不再增加，继续增大填加量，非织造布表面温度反而有所下降。 3、光热转换纤维非织造布与丙纶纤维非织造布相比，具有良好的蓄热性能和保温性能，其两者之间的最大温差可达7.4℃，最小温差为1.6℃。而且实验证实光热转换纤维在近红外波段和可见光波段具有较强的光吸收性，易于发生光热转换。 4、不同结构的光热转换纤维织物的测试结果说明，为了有效地使用光热转换陶瓷粉末，应该将碳化锆粉木置于纤维皮层。 5、用尿素-三聚氰胺-甲醛作为微胶囊的壁材可以很好地包覆石蜡烃类化合物形成微胶囊，制备的微胶囊性能优良，大小均匀，并且实现了微小化(粒径＜10微米)。 6、原位聚合法是制备微胶囊较好的方法之一，制得的微胶囊中有效成分石蜡的含量 可达57～69％左右，微胶囊的平均粒径为3．3微米，微胶囊的储热量在140～170J／g 范围内。 7、相变材料微胶囊的耐热温度为小于 160 aC，要真正满足熔融纺丝技术需要，还需 要进一步提高耐热温度。 8、以含有4％碳化错的聚丙烯为皮材、含有0～20％相变材料微胶囊的聚乙烯为芯 层通过熔融复合纺丝的方法研制出了蓄热调温纤维，相变材料微胶囊占全部纤维重 量的 12％，是美国同类研制纤维的 4倍以上，比目前己经规模生产的睛纶纤维的微 胶囊含量高近50％。 9、蓄热调温纤维HT3的纤度5．43dtex，断裂强度2．19oN／dtex，断裂伸长31．9％； WT复合纤维纤度sdtex，断裂强度2．236oN／dtex，断裂伸长38．5％。 10、以纤维试样HTI为参比时，试样HT和 WT都具有明显的蓄热和调温效果， 其中试样HT的升降温差范围在2石～6．5℃内。 11、在近红外线照射下，试样 HT的升温速度明显快于试样 WT和纯丙纶织物的升 温速度且具有较好的调温保温效果，表明试样HT不仅具有光热转换的功能，而且 也具有良好的温度调节能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heat-storage and thermoregulated textile is a novel comfort one. It is manufactured by incorporating the low-temperature Phase Change Material (PCM) into the fiber or coating the PCM on the surface of the fabric. This novel comfortable textile is able to absorb, redistribute and release heat energy by phase state change of PCM according to the changing of circumstance temperature. If the circumstance temperature drops from the setting temperature, the PCM will change its state from liquid to solid, releasing heat energy and keeping the inner fabric in a higher temperature. Conversely, if the circumstance temperature rises from the setting temperature, the PCM will change its state from solid to liquid, absorbing the heat energy and keeping the fabric in a lower temperature. Thus the inner textile possesses a comfortable temperature by the PCM phase state changing. Heat-storage and thermo-regulated textile is an active smart textile, which is one of the most important comfortable textile products since Gore-Tex during the last two decades.It is an object to study the manufacture process and properties of photothermal conversion and thermoregulated fibers in the applied basic field. These fibers are able to not only convert near infrared ray and visible light into heat energy, but also absorb or release the heat energy according to the circumstance temperature changing.After measuring the absorbing properties of the ZrC, SiC and AlaOa powder while exposed to near infrared ray and visible light through using infrared lamp, camera lamp, SiC stick with external booster, infrared-thermometer, the polypropylene fibers were melt spun with ZrC content from 0 to 8%(wt/wt) and with 4%(wt/wt) SiC, separately. The structures and photothermal conversion, thermal stability and stress-strain properties of these fibers were studied by using DSC, TG, infrared lamp, camera lamp, SiC stick with external booster and infrared-thermometer etc.The microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) with diameters below 10 micron were successfully synthesized by in-situ polymerization. Low-temperature PCM-paraffin wax was used as core material, and urea-melamine-formaldehyde copolymer was used as shell material. The structures and properties were systematically studied by the applying of DSC, TG, SEM and LM etc.The photothermal conversion and thermoregulated fibers were manufactured by melting spun process through using microPCMs and photothermal conversion ceramic as functional components, and polypropylene as fiber-forming material. The relationship between structure and properties of these fibers were systematically studied through using DSC, TG, SEM and LM etc. The experimental results show that:1. The heat energy absorbing properties of the same ceramic powder are evidently affected by the wavelength of infrared ray. Different ceramic powder possesses different absorbing ability to same wavelength of light. The absorbing properties of ZrC and SiC powders to near infrared ray are better than that of A12O3.2. The photothermal conversion properties of the fibers and non-woven are affected by the content of the ceramic. With the increasing of the ceramic content, the photo-thermal conversion ability of the fiber and nonwoven will rise continuously. However, when the content of ZrC exceeds 4%(wt/wt), the photothermal conversion ability will descend.3. Comparing to the polypropylene nonwoven, the photo-thermal conversion nonwoven has better properties of heat-storage and heat-insulation. The maximum difference in temperature of two type of nonwoven is 7.4 癈 (temperature of photo-thermal conversion fiber nonwoven minus that of PP one) when exposed to near infrared ray. And the maximum difference in temperature between photo-thermal conversion fiber nonwoven and PP sample is 1.6癈 when cut off the ray. And the experiment results show that the photo-thermal conversion fiber has better light absorbing property to the near infrared ray and visible light. The photo-thermal conversion fiber can trans更多还原