【作者】 黄锡志；

【导师】 寿森炎；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以生产上广泛使用UC800芦笋作为实验材料，着重研究了各个不同采收季节江西省资溪县和浙江省富阳市芦笋的营养品质、外观品质和风味品质。结果表明，两地同一时期采收的芦笋的品质不存在十分严格的差异，但随着季节的变化，气温的升高，同一地域的不同采收季节的芦笋的品质存在着明显的差异。本文在全面分析比较的基础上，初步得出了气温是影响芦笋品质一个重要因子。 本文重点研究了全年采收过程中芦笋的各种营养成的变化规律。研究表明芦笋嫩茎在不同采收过程中，干物质、蔗糖、淀粉、维生素C、总类胡萝卜素、叶绿素、总蛋白、可溶性蛋白和总氨基酸呈下降后又逐渐上升的趋势，而纤维素、可溶性总糖、还原糖、黄酮和芦丁呈升高后下降的变化，可滴定酸、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐呈一直上升的趋势。芦笋中含有17种氨基酸，比例适当，随季节的变化，甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、人体必需氨基酸呈上升后逐渐下降的趋势而苦味氨基酸则与之相反。各季节中芦笋的矿物质元素各季节变化不大，富含钙、锰、锌和铜等元素，还含有硒、钼等有益微量元素，而铅、砷含量都小于1‰，而汞则低于检测值，这与芦笋无毒是相一致的。 本文还研究了不同采收季节芦笋的外观品质和风味品质的变化。不同采收季节的外观性状得分来看，四月份的芦笋外观得分最高，三月份次之，九月份位于第三，六月份得分最低。从外观性状看，四月份的芦笋在长度、粗度、重量、色泽度都最大，而空心率和弯曲率也比较低，故从外观品质来看，四月份的芦笋外观品质最好。芦笋的外观得分与芦笋的长度、粗度、有着极显著的正相关性其(r=0.972**、r=0.964**)；与重量呈显著的相关性(r=0.921*)：而叶绿素的含量与外观品质存在着正相关但影响不是很大。而叶绿素的含量与外观品质存在着正相关但影响不是很大。鳞片的开散度与芦笋的外观品质呈极显著负相关(r=-0.974**)；与弯曲度呈显著负相关性(r=-0.946*)。从整个采收季节芦笋甜味品质来看，四月份的评分最高，其次是9月，3月、5月分别列在第三、第四位，得分最差的是6月份和10月份的芦笋。甜味得分与蔗糖、还原糖含量、氨基酸含量进行相关得出，蔗糖含量与甜味得分显著正相关，相关系数为r=0.952**，而黄酮和芦丁则与其呈负相关(r=-O.932*；r=-0962**)；而氨基酸与芦笋的甜味评分都没达到显著相关鲜味得分来看，得分最高的是3月份，其次是4月份得分，最低的是6月份的芦笋，芦笋鲜味得分与天冬氨酸呈极显著正相关（FO．966”“），与谷氨酸有显著的正相关（po．921”），说明影响芦笋鲜味品质的主要是天冬氨酸和谷氨酸。 试验还以四月份江西资溪采收的芦笋研究了不同部位营养成份变化。试验表明芦笋各种营养成份与嫩茎的大小没有明显的关系，但是同一类型的芦笋嫩茎其上下部的差异非常明显。总糖、还原糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、总蛋白、可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量随嫩茎上部至下部其含量略有增加而纤维素变化则更为明显下部几乎是上部的两倍，但黄酮从上至下则呈下降的变化趋势。有机酸则上下部变化不大。 本文还就如何提高芦笋的营养品质进行了探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Study on the Quality of Green Asparagus Spears (Asparagus officinalis.L) among Different Harvesting Season in ZiXi and FuYang CountyAsparagus (Asparagus officinalis.L) is one of the important vegetable in the world .Study on quality of asparagus spears is very important for breeding ,culture and processing .It was conducted to study the difference in nutritional ., appearance and flavor quality of asparagus spears (UC800) among different harvesting season in experiment fields in ZiXi county,Jiangxi Province and in FuYang county.ZheJiang Province,P.R China from March 2001 to December 2001 ,meanwhile .the difference of nutritional value and quality of asparagus spears of different portion was concerned .The results were reported as follows:1 There was no effective difference on quality between ZiXi and FuYang county in the same harvesting season.Based on the research data there were effective difference on quality between different harvest season : the dry-matters, sucrose x starch > Vitamine C> total carotenoid, chlorophylK protein and total amino acids contents declined from March to a minimum in June and increased again in October .meanwhile crude fiber, soluble ^ total soluble sugar ^ reduced sugar ^ flovioniod and rutin contents changed inversely .And the titrable acids, nitrate and nitrite went up gradually. The research indicates that asparagus contain all essential amino acids with proper ratio and was fluent in aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lecucine. With temperature changing sweet amino acids, fresh amino acids and essential amino acids contents decreased from March to June then increased gradually from June to December but the bitter amino acids changed with opposite tendency ,meanwhile, there are no effective difference on mineral substance contents and spears were fluent with calcium > manganese > zinic and coprum and also contained selenium > molybdenum and chromium mirror elements but the Pb and As those poisonous elements contents were less than 1 %o,and the Hg content was low threshold of testing, all these indicate that asparagus spears were healthy and nonhazardous.2.From appearance scores we know that the highest score was given to the harvesting spears in April then the next was March spears and the third wasasparagus spears in September ,the lowest was the harvesting spears in June.The appearance scores effective positively correlated to length of spear and diameter of spear butt (r=0.972**N r=0.964*);and also positively correlated to weight of spear and contents of cholorphyll . The degree of loose cuiller .was effective negatively correlated to the appearance scores(r=-0.974**),also the degree of curvature negatively correlated to it (r=-0.946*).3.The highest sweet and fresh flavor score was given to April harvest asparagus spears and the highest bitter score was given to June harvest ones and December harvest spears.After studying the correlated relationship between sweet score and sweet chemical composition ,we can conclude that the content of sucrose was effective positively correlated to scores(r=O.952**)but the value of contents of sweet amino acids was low the effective correlation,meanwhile, the content of flavonoid and rutin effective negatively correlated to sweet scores(r=-0.932*;r=-0962**).Between fresh flavor scores the highest was given to harvesting spears in March ,and the second is the ones in April ,and the lowest is the ones in June.Based on the research data the scores were effectively positively correlated to the content of aspartic acid (rO.966**)and also positively correlated to content of glutamic acid(r=0.921*).4.It had been found that there was no appear difference between the nutritional quality and the type of spear .But the difference of portion in nutrition from top to bottom change much.The crude fiber content remained higher (almost double) in the bottom portion that in the top portion and there was a significant difference between the two portions of the spear.Total sugar reduced sugar sucrose total protein and total amino acids更多还原