【作者】 任爱霞；

【导师】 祝水金；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验选用HS46和MARCABUCAG8US-1-88(简称MAR)两个材料作为亲本构建的重组近交系群体(Recombined Inbreeding Lines，简称RIL)，在2000年和2001年调查了棉花枯萎病和黄萎病的田间发病情况，采用包括基因型及其与环境互作的遗传模型进行分析。同时，对RIL群体盛花期棉花倒三展开叶片，以及6对近等基因系的子叶进行聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳，探讨了POD和SOD同工酶与棉花枯黄萎病抗性的关系和抗性尘化机理。主要研究结果如下： 1 棉花枯萎病抗性的遗传规律 应用基因型与环境互作模型对棉花RIL群体枯萎病病情指数进行分析，RIL群体中枯萎病抗性有较大的分离，棉花枯萎病病情指数基因型方差都达到显著水平，证明这一RIL群体可以用于棉花枯萎病抗性的遗传分析。该RIL群体中抗病家系个数和感病家系个数之比远远偏离3：1，抗性基因可能是由隐性基因控制，或者由两对一隐一显的主效基因和多个微效基因共同控制。此外，棉花枯萎病抗性的基因型与环境互作方差达到了显著水平，棉花枯萎病抗性受环境因素影响较大。 2 棉花黄萎病抗性的遗传分析 与抗枯萎病性相同，RIL群体中各家系黄萎病抗性差异较大，RIL群体中棉花黄萎病病情指数的基因型方差达到了显著水平。说明这一RIL群体适合于棉花黄萎病抗性的遗传分析。棉花黄萎病抗性的狭义遗传力很高，x~2检验证明RIL群体中的抗黄萎病家系与不抗黄萎病家系之比符合3：1，棉花黄萎病抗性可能为质量性状，受一对显性基因控制。 3 棉花黄萎病和枯萎病遗传相关性分析 棉花枯萎病病情指数与黄萎病病情指数存在显著的遗传正相关。在育种过 程中，对棉花抗枯萎病或抗黄萎病的单一性状进行选择，有可能获得另一性状抗 病指数较高的后代。 4桐花枯黄萎病抗性的生化分析 对RIL群体进行POD同工酶活性分析，在没有发病的条件下，棉花枯萎病；抗性同棉花盛花期倒三展开叶片的POD同工酶活性没有明显相关关系，与SOD 同工酶活性呈显著负相关。棉花黄萎病抗性与SOD、POD同工酶活性之间的关 系表现出同样的的趋势。SOD同工酶活性与POD同工酶活性呈显著负相关。对 SOD和 POD同工酶电泳酶谱进行分析，没有发现与棉花枯黄萎病的抗性有特异 关系的酶带。 应用6对近等基因系的两片完全展开子叶进行POD同工酶分析，寻找到一 条与抗黄萎病有关的POD同工酶电泳酶带P4。在SOD同工酶电泳图谱中，有 一个酶谱分布区段与棉花枯黄萎病抗性有关系。 最后，本文就棉花抗病性研究所用的材料、抗枯黄萎病的遗传特点，以及 生化标记抗性鉴定等问题进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 A genetic model with genotype by environment interaction was employed to analyze the genetic behavior of cotton disease index, used the materials of Recombinant Inbred Line(RIL) derived from female parent HS46 and male parent MARCABUCAG8US-1-88 (MAR). The experiments were conducted in 2000 and 2001 in the fields in Hongzhou, Zhejiang and Fugu, Henan, inoculated with the artificial cultivated fungi. Mean time, the polypropylene ammonia gel electrophoresis was conducted to study the relation between peroxidase isozymes (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The main results were as follows:1 Inheritance of cotton resistance to Fusariiitn oxsyporumThe results showed that there was significant separation for the cotton disease index of Fusarium oxysporum among the different families of RIL. The genetic variance of disease index for RIL was significant. So the RIL could be used in analysis of the inheritance of cotton resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. The genetic by environment interaction variance was detected significantly; it indicated that the cotton resistance to Fusarium oxysporum was significantly affected by environmental factors. The ratio of resistant lines to susceptible ones was deviated from 3:1, which indicted that the inheritance of cotton resistance to Fusarium oxysporum may be controlled by recessive genes, or controlled by a recessive and a dominant gene and micro-effective multiple genes.2 Inheritance of cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliaeThe results showed that there was significant separation in the cotton disease index of Verticilliu dahliae among different families of RIL. The genetic variance of cotton disease index to Verticilliu dahliae was significant. So the RIL could be used in analysis for inheritance of cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliae, as well. The narrow inheritance of cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliae was high, and the ratio of resistant lines to susceptible one was 3:1, checked by the statistical method of y?, which indicated that the inheritance of cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliae maybe a quality trait controlled by a dormant gene.3 The genetic correlative cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliae and fusarium oxysoruumIt was observed that there was a significant genetic correlative between the cotton disease index of Verticilliu dahliae and that of Fusarium oxysporum. So in the breeding program, the selection for high resistance to Verticilliu dahliae may also lead to high resistance to Fusarium oxysporum.4 Biochemical mechanism of cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliae and Fusarium oxysporumThe relationship between the activity of peroxidase isozymes and cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum was studied in this experiment, using upside third leave during the full-flowering period of cotton growth season of RILs. The results showed there were no significant relation between them. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase was significant negative correlation to the cotton disease index of Verticilliu dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum. There were no special bands among the enzymogram connected with the cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum. One enzyme band of POD in cotton cotyledon was found to be closed linkage with cotton resistance to Verticilliu dahliae. And a special SOD enzyme zone was also found to connect with cotton resistance to Fusarium oxysporum.Finally, the materials used in the research for cotton resistance, inheritance of cotton resistance to wilts and the biochemical identification for resistance were discussed in the paper.更多还原