采用新型电液比例集成阀的液压电梯速度控制系统的研究

【作者】 李小波；

【导师】 杨华勇；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 液压电梯比例阀节流调速控制系统是目前液压电梯中应用最广泛的系统。采用轿厢速度一电大闭环反馈控制方法的电液比例阀控系统，可以排除油温及负载变化等因素引起的非线性干扰，极大地提高了液压电梯的工作性能。本课题中的电液比例集成阀作为整个液压电梯系统一个重要的组成部分。这个集成了上行比例节流阀、下行比例节流阀、单向阀、安全阀、手动下降阀等各功能部件的电液比例集成阀实际上是一个液压系统，由它通过节流方式对液压电梯上行和下行进行控制。电液比例流量集成阀的性能和质量对整个系统的性能优劣起着决定性的作用。因此，研制新一代高性能的液压电梯专用比例集成阀，对保证大闭环反馈阀控系统的性能，从而使国产液压电梯的性能达到国际先进水平，具有重要的意义。 论文对新型电液比例集成阀进行了比较全面和系统的研究，包括原理方案设计分析、理论计算、数学建模和稳态、动态仿真以及实验研究。 第一章介绍液压电梯控制技术的发展概况及现状。分别介绍了几种典型的控制系统，尤其是对阀控方案的发展和应用情况作了全面的归纳和分析，在此基础上确定了本课题的研究方向和目标。 第二章关于液压电梯专用电液比例集成阀的原理方案的设计。在对两种有代表意义的阀控系统深入分析的基础上确立了本阀的方案，采用双比例阀分别控制电梯的上行和下行，对提高集成阀上行和下行的控制性能起到重要作用；对集成阀的结构和工作原理作了深入的剖析；针对集成阀的各个环节，建立了相应的稳态和动态数学模型，为集成阀的理论计算和仿真研究提供理论依据。 第三章完成了集成阀各个功能部件的设计和计算，包括上下行主阀、上下行先导阀、单向阀、安全阀等的设计计算。对决定集成阀性能的关键参数进行了理论分析和探讨。在设计过程中，首次采用了三维CAD软件Pro/E对集成阀块建构三维实体模型，利用建构的三维实体模型进行模拟装配、结构分析和动态干涉检查，极大地促进了集成阀各个功能部件、内部液阻网络以及油道的合理布置，保证集成阀的加工工艺性能，最终提高集成阀的性能和质量。 第四章通过作者在第二章建立的数学模型，在Matlab/Simulink环境下对集成控制阀上行和下行工况分别进行了稳态、动态仿真研究。稳态仿真主要就影响集成阀工作死区和调节范围的参数进行了分析；动态仿真主要对集成阀进行变参仿真，考察一些参数对集成阀时域特性的影响，实现了参数优化。 第五章对集成阀进行了实验研究。首次利用专门的电液元件测试平台对集成阀进行了比较全面的测试，包括稳态和动态性能的测试；在此基础上又利用液压电梯台架进行整机实验，以测试整个电梯速度控制系统的实际运行性能，并取得较好的效果。 纵观全文，作者对针对液压电梯专用集成阀建立了一套比较完整的设计计算的理论依据；采用三维造型软件对集成阀进行实体建模，改变了液压电梯专用集成阀的传统结构设计方法，使集成阀的结构设计达到了更好的效果；利用专门的电液元件测试平台和液压电梯台架对集成阀进行了比较全面的实验，拓展了新元件的实验研究手段。课题的研究完成使电梯组的新型大闭环反馈阀控系统的技术开发和国产新产品研制和推广工作迈出了坚实的一步。更多还原

【Abstract】 The proportional flow valve control system is the most popular method among the control system of hydraulic elevators. The proportional flow valve control system with speed-electric feedback applied in hydraulic elevators can eliminate disturbances of nonlinear source such as oil temperature and load change. In this system, the proportional valve plays a key role. Therefore, it is of significance to develop new relevant proportional valve specially applied in hydraulic elevators.This thesis mainly deals with the theoretical analysis, design, simulation and experimental research of integrated control valve.In chapter 1, the development history and present situation of control technologies of the hydraulic elevators in domestic and overseas, are briefly reviewed. Some typical control systems are reviewed and the design scheme and main tasks are presented.In chapter 2, the principle of electro-hydraulic proportional flow valve with speed-electric feedback applied in hydraulic elevators are analyzed. Based on the work of the predecessors in the hydraulic-elevator projects, two proportional flow valves are introduced, one is in charge of the up task of the elevator and the other in charge of the down control. The structure features, working principles of the integrated valve are described in details. The static and dynamic mathematical models of the integrated valve are derived.In chapter 3, the design of each components of the integrated valve are introduced, which include the design of up and down main valves, pilot valves, single way valve and manual urgent descending valve and the safety valve. A 3-D Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, Pro/Engineer, is applied in solid modeling, assembly, structure analyzing and dynamic interference checking. It is very useful to lay out components, hydraulic resistances and oil ways of the integrated valve. Consequently, the quality and performance of the integrated valve will be improved.In chapter 4, by the tool of Matlab/Simulink, static and dynamic simulation researches for up and down hydraulic circuit of the integrated valve are given. There are two important points in static simulation research work, one is static regulation range, and the other is dead-zone. In dynamic simulation research, variable parameters and optimum simulation research work for the integrated valve are made.In chapter 5, the experiment researches of the integrated valve are introduced. After completing the static and dynamic experiments on the5 Electro-Hydraulic Component & System Test Unit, the author made further experiment research in the close loop system of hydraulic elevator, and get satisfying testing results.To sum up, the author build a set of theories and formulary for the design of integrated valve, change the traditional methods for the structure design of hydraulic elevator valves by the tools of PRO/E, carry out a lot tests of the integrated valve on the special test platform. The work greatly boost the development of proportional valve control system applying car speed feedback and the development and spread of homemade hydraulic products.更多还原