【作者】 涂成立；

【导师】 盛建龙；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 采矿工程， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 地压控制或称地压管理是采矿设计、采矿方法试验和采矿开采过程中的第一重要问题。地压控制的基本理论就是掌握开采过程中巷道和采场围岩的应力、应变分布规律，开采结构系统的变形和破坏情况，并采取合理的措施，控制开采系统有害的变形和破坏，保持开采系统的稳定性，保证生产的安全。为了有效地完成开采过程中的地压控制工作，就必须首先对开采过程中的地压活动规律有充分的了解和认识。利用数值模拟手段，在方案设计阶段即可模拟显示开采过程，对开采过程中的地压活动规律进行预测，从而为地压控制提供相应的依据。同时，通过开采过程中的现场监测，实时掌握开采地压显现情况，就为及时采取相应的措施控制有害的地压活动，防止开采系统的失稳破坏提供了保证。 为此，本论文根据武钢余化寺铁矿的生产实际情况，从以下几个方面开展了研究工作。 针对具体矿山，为寻求采场的合理回采顺序，尽可能地减少由于地压的显现而造成的地下巷道的垮冒，研究中主要在自重应力场的作用下建立有限元计算模型，模拟了各种开挖方案，通过分析有限元计算出的应力分布情况，确定了该矿的合理的开挖步骤。 通过对采场巷道收敛的监控量测，分析了影响巷道围岩收敛的主要因素，利用神经网络的非线性和具有学习和记忆的功能，本论文建立了针对采场巷道收敛的神经网络预测模型。然后用训练样本训练网络模型，并用检验样本对模型进行了检验，证实该模型具有较好的预测精度。 通过对锚喷支护的原理的阐述，以及对锚喷支护设计方法的研究，本论文提出了基于巷道围岩收敛预测的锚喷支护的设计方法，并给出了具体的设计依据，然后分析了影响锚喷支护效果的因素，最后针对余矿锚喷支护施工现状，提出提高支护效果的具体措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pressure control is the most important matter in the mining planning, mining method experimentation and mine process. Its basic theory includes the control of the distributing laws on the stress and strain of laneway’s wall rock in mining activity, and the deformation and failure of extraction structural system, and the control of the bad progress tendency by taking rational measures for the sake of mining system stably and production process safely. In order to finish pressure control effectively, we first understand the ground pressure activation rules fully in the extraction process. By means of FEM we can numerically simulate the whole mining process in the project design, and also forecast the ground pressure activation rules in the course of mining extraction and put forward the backing of pressure control. At the same time, we must regularly supervise the ground pressure locally, duly master it emerge occasions in mining works and so prevent the mining system from losing its stability.This paper is based on the production practice of YuHusSi mine, and several sections are studied in the paper.In the first chapter, for seeking the rational stoping procedure and cutting down the failure of extraction opening because of the ground pressure activations, some FEM numeration models are founded by the rules of deadweight stress field in this paper, later a series of excavating projects are simulated one by one. After analyzing the stress distributions this paper draws out the sound mining sequence for YuHuaSi mine.Secondly, the most factors are analyzed of influencing the convergence of laneway’s wall rock by virtue of supervision and survey. Because the system of artificial neural network has characteristics of adaptability, non-linearity, self-study and memorial function, in this paper, BP neural network model is founded for forecasting the convergences of laneway rock mass. After having learnt the sample cases, the problem model is tested by the classified samples and very good predicts results are got.Thirdly, in this paper, a new design method based on above predicts results on shotcrete and bolt support was brought forward and its material design rule was provided after expatiating its mechanics principia and studying on all design methods. Finally, the influencing factors of shotcrete and bolt support are analyzed, and so the improvement measure are advised for YuHuaSi mine.更多还原