古田山自然保护区森林植被研究

【作者】 胡正华；

【导师】 陈启（王常）； 于明坚；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 生态学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在对古田山自然保护区森林植被广泛调查的基础上，研究了该区森林植被外貌特征、结构特点和种类组成，对森林植被进行了分类，分析了甜槠、木荷、青冈、黄山松四种主要种群的大小结构及其群落物种多样性特点，探讨了该区森林群落物种多样性特征。主要研究结果表明： 按Raunkiaer生活型谱统计，古田山自然保护区森林植被以高位芽植物占优势，其次为地面芽植物和地下芽植物，一年生植物和地上芽植物较少。高位芽植物中，小高位芽植物＞中高位芽植物＞大高位芽植物＞藤本高位芽植物＞矮高位芽植物；高位芽植物中常绿种类多于落叶种类。叶的性质以小型叶和中型叶，单叶，非全缘，草质叶和革质叶的种类占主要成分。群落结构上可分为乔木层、下木层和草本层三个基本层次，以及层间植物，乔木层一般还可分为二个亚层。 古田山自然保护区森林植被按中国植被分类原则和相关方法，可分为常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林、针叶林4种植被型，包括17个群系。 甜槠种群大小结构可分为增长型和稳定型两种。甜槠群落乔木层物种多样性随着演替进行而不断变化：先不断增大，至顶极群落阶段又略有下降。 木荷种群大小结构可分为增长型、稳定型、成熟型和衰退型四种，不同群落发育阶段，其大小结构类型不同。木荷群落乔木层物种多样性变化是：随着群落演替进行，物种多样性逐渐增大，在顶极群落又略有下降。 青冈种群大小结构可分为增长型、稳定型和衰退型。随着青冈群落演替进行，乔木层物种多样性逐渐增大。 黄山松种群大小结构在所调查的样地中全为衰退型。乔木层物种多样性大小为：针阔叶混交林＞黄山松林。 不同森林群落，物种多样性不同。群落的不同层次，物种多样性亦不相同。常绿阔叶林不同层次物种多样性大小依次为：灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层；常绿落叶阔叶混交林各层次物种多样性大小为：乔木层＞灌木层＞草本层；针阔叶混交林不同层次物种多样性大小为：灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层。 古田山常绿阔叶林与其他地区常绿阔叶林物种多样性相比较，Gleason指数大小依次为：乌岩岭＞鼎湖山＞缙云山＞古田山＞黄山＞大别山，表现出物种多样性与纬度之间的密切联系：随着纬度降低，群落物种多样性逐渐增加。 海拔、坡度等环境因子对森林群落物种多样性有一定的影响。 在古田山森林群落演替过程中，物种多样性不断发生变化。随着演替进行，乔木层物种多样性大小依次为：阳生性常绿阔叶林＞中生性常绿阔叶林＞针阔叶混 交林＞针叶林；灌木层物种多样性变化为：针阔叶馄交林＞针叶林＞中生性常绿阔 叶林＞阳生性常绿阔叶林；草本层物种多样性大小依次为：针叶林＞中生性常绿阔 叶林＞针阔叶混交林＞阳生性常绿阔叶林。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the investigation of the forest vegetation in Natural Reserves of Gutian Mount, Physiognomy of the forest vegetation , the characteristics of structure and the species composition were studied, and forest vegetation was classified. It also included the size structure and diversity of dominant population: Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Pinus taiwanensis.The species diversity of forest communities was also studied in this paper. The main result shows:The life forms of forest vegetation according to Raunkiaer classification were: Phanerophyta > Hemicryptophyta > Geophyta > Therophyta > Chamaephyta. The order was microphanerophytes> mesophanerophytes > megaphanerophytes > lianoidphanerophytes > nanophanerophytes in Phanerophyta, and evergreen species > deciduous species. The leaf characteristics showed that plant with microphylls and mesophylls, simple, unentire, herbaceous and leathery leaves played an important role. The vegetation stratification were divided into: tree layer, undergrowth layer, herbaceous layer and lianas, the tree layer could be divided into two sub-layer.The forest vegetation in Natural Reserves was classified according to the Chinese Vegetation Classification System as well as the other methods: evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous-broad mixed forest and coniferous forest, which included 17 forest communities.The size structure of Castanopsis eyrei had two types: growing and stationary. In communities that included Castanopsis eyrei , the species diversity of the tree layer increased first and then decreased with succession.The size structure of Schima superb a had four types: growing, stationary, mature and senescence. The size structure is different in different communities that included Schima superba. In those communities, the species diversity of the tree layer increased first and then decreased during succession.The size structure of Cyclobalanopsis glauca included growing, stationary and senescence. With the succession, the species diversity of the tree layer increased gradually.The size structure of Pinus taiwanensis had only senescence in these communities that we studied.The species diversity of coniferous-broad mixed forest was bigger than Pinus taiwanensis forest’s.The species diversity of different communities was different, it was also different in different layers: In the evergreen broad-leaved forest, the order of the species diversity was shrub layer > tree layer > herb layer; tree layer > shrub layer > herb layer in the evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest; shrub layer> tree layer> herb layer in the coniferous-broad mixed forest.The Gleason species richness of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in different region were compared respectively, the order was Wuyanling > Dinghushan > Jinyunshan > Gutianshan > Huangshan > Dabieshan, which indicated that the species diversity increase along with the decrease of latitude.The species diversity of forest community was influenced by altitude as well as slope.The species diversity changed with the succession: tree layer’s species diversity showed the order: heliophyte evergreen broad-leaved forest > mesophyte evergreen broad-leaved forest > coniferous-broad mixed forest > coniferous forest; The species diversity of shrub layer showed the order: coniferous-broad mixed forest > coniferous forest > mesophyte evergreen broad-leaved forest > heliophyte evergreen broad-leaved forest;The species diversity of herb layer showed the order: coniferous forest > mesophyte evergreen broad-leaved forest > coniferous-broad mixed forest > heliophyte evergreen broad-leaved forest.更多还原