【作者】 张蒲转；

【导师】 马斌； 宋臻； 解建仓；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 水利工程， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是世界上水能资源最丰富的国家之一。但是，水能资源开发程度仍然很低。水电发展的速度相对缓慢。开发程度远远低于发达国家的平均水平。为了实现资源优化配置，节约宝贵的化石能源资源，优化电源结构，减少环境污染，实现可持续发展，我国确定了电力建设“大力发展水电”的方针，并作为我国今后电力建设的重要任务。 然而与水电开发相关的国家财政、税收、投资、金融、价格等方面的现行政策还缺乏科学合理性，未能充分反映水电项目具有的综合利用效益和显著社会效益，使水电发展失去公平的发展条件，因而，发展必然受到了一定的影响。 本论文通过对水电发展政策的研究，强调加快水电发展需要国家支持的各项政策。并提出有关继续开展水电建设政策与措施研究的建议。 研究范围与内容：(1)水电产业属性分析，从能源开发与全国最大区域的能源资源优化配置、电力结构调整、减少环境污染、实现可持续发展等方面，分析水电开发的特点和产业属性，论述我国需要发展水电，并应给予相应的政策支持。 (2)现状分析，水电建设与相关政策的现状和发展过程，统计我国历年的水电建设资料，论述水电建设的有关政策与背景；(3)条件分析，发展水电的有利时机，根据当前的内外部环境条件，分析发展水电的有利时机，论证在国家一定的政策支持下，水电能够得到较大发展。(4)问题分析，找出发展水电存在的普遍问题和主要问题。(5)找出原因，归纳有关对发展水电影响较大的政策性因素，列举若干重点水电建设项目，分析这些因素对水电市场竞争力的影响程度，作为研究水电政策的依据。(6)参考国外发展水电的有关政策与措施资料，以便在研究我国水电政策时参考。(7)水电政策研究，针对水电建设存在的问题和产生的原因，影响水电发展的主要政策性因素，分项开展水电政策研究。 发展水电存在的主要问题：(1) “西电东送”和跨省区投资办电项目的税制不合理；(2)跨省区输电的输电价格模式不合理；(3)水电建设的贷款和财税政策没有体现水电建设的特点；(4)水电建设资金筹措筹资渠道单一；(5)水电的上网电价结构不合理；(6)水电梯级开发缺乏梯级补偿效益分配政策；(7)综合利用水电工程的建设缺乏投资分摊及效益补偿政策；(8)水电工程建设征地和水库移民存在较多问题。 研究方法：本研究主要采用调研归纳、实例计算分析、对比分析等方法。 (1)对全国反映水电建设中存在的各种具体问题进行统计归纳，找出普遍问题和重点问题；(2)采用实例分 摘 要一I 析计算法，选取若干重点水电建设项目进行实例计算，分析各种政策性因素对这些水电建 设项目的市场竞争力的影响程度；（）针对归纳的问题和计算分析得出的主要因素，逐条探 讨解决问题的可能途径，并与我国现行政策和改革方向，以及国内外的经验进行对比分析， 最后归纳出若干条可行的政策建议。 研究成果：＊）跨省区电力投资项目税收分配原则和办法。（2）跨省区输电价格政策。（3冰电 的贷款和税收政策。H）设立水电产业投资基金、发行水电长期债券的必要性和可行性。 （5冰电上网电价政策；（6）水电梯级补偿效益分配政策。＊综合利用水电工程的投资分 摊及效益补偿政策。（8）水电工程建设征地补偿政策。（9）水库移民管理模式与实施机制。 （10）国外水电优惠政策及措施调研报苦 主要结论：＊）水电具有六大产业属性和特点，国家应优先开发水电，并给予合理的政 策支持。水电除了发电以外，还具有综合利用效益，是国民经济的基础产业，应享受国 家基础产业政策。水力发电可节约我国宝贵的化石能源资源，符合可持续发展战略，应该 得到国家一次能源资源价值政策支持；发展水电具有巨大的环境效益，应该得到国家环保 政策支持；发展水电是实现我国“西电东送”和“全国联网”的关键，是实现全国最大区 域资源优化配置的基础，应得到国家宏观政策的强有力支持；水电运行方式多样、灵活， 对电力系统的电力结构优化、提高供电可靠性、促进电网安全稳定经济运行起到重要作用， 应在电价政策上得到体现；中西部的水电开发，可促进当地经济发展，具有显著的社会效 益，并符合我国发展中西部经济的宏观经济政策，应享有经济优惠政策。（2）电力供需相对 缓和，是调整电源结构、发展水电的有利时机；资金环境和融资条件越来越宽松，是一次 性投资较大、工期相对较长的水电建设的有利条件；丰富的水能资源和多年的水电开发经 验和前期准备工作，为加速提高水电开发程度和水电比重打下了良好的基础；己经形成的 以流域开发公司为法人的流域梯级滚动开发机制和多家更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country is one of the richest hydropower countries in the world. But the development degree is still lower than that in the developed countries and the development speed is slow in our country. In order to realize resource optimal dispatching, to save rare fossil energy resource, to optimize electrical source layout structure, to reduce environment pollution and to realize sustainable development, the guideline of "development hydropower vigorously" has been confirmed and been regarded as the important assignment of the later electric power construction.However, the existing policies of finance, tariff, investment, and price correlating with hydropower development are short of scientific rationality and can’t reflect the synthesis utilize benefit and marked society benefit, which lost the impartial development condition of hydropower. Therefore, the development is impacted.The paper issues some advice of carrying on the sustainable research of hydropower construction under the research of hydropower development policies.Range and content: (1) hydropower industry attribution analysis. Analyzing the characteristics and industry attribution from many aspects such as resource optimal dispatching, electric power structure adjustment, reducing environment pollution and realizing sustainable development etc. Therefore, conclusion can be drew that developing hydropower in our country is necessary, and which should be supported by corresponding policies. (2) Status analysis. Analyzing the status and development course of corresponding policies, stating annual hydropower construction data and discussing the related policies and background. (3) Condition analysis. Analyzing the favorable opportunities of developing hydropower based on the inner or exterior condition. (4) Problems analysis. The content is to find out the universal and main problems. (5) Reason analysis. Concluding the influential political factors related to the development of hydropower, raising some emphases hydropower construction items to analyze the influence degree to hydropower market competition and researching hydropower policies with them. (6) Using the policies and measures resources of foreign countries as the reference of ours. (7) Researching the hydropower policies based on the problems and reasons in hydropower construction.Main problems: (1) irrational tax system on "west power to east" item and inter-province investment power items; (2) irrational power transmission price pattern. (3) Loan and finance policy can’t embody the characteristics of hydropower construction. (4) Capital raising channel is singleness. (5) Netting electrovalence is irrational. (6) Cascade development absent rational distribution policies. (7) Synthetic waterpower works construction is lack of investment apportion and benefit compensation policies. (8) Hydropower engineering land collection and emigration has many problems.Research methods: There are many methods used in this paper such as investigate and research conclusion, example calculation and analysis, and contrast analysis etc. (1) stating and inducing all the concrete problems in hydropower construction, so to find out the universal problems and key point problems; (2) Choosing some emphases hydropower items to calculate and analyze the influence degree on the items’ market competition ability from various policy factors; (3) discussing the likely approaches of solving problems one by one on the base of the problems and main factors obtained by induction and calculation. Then compares them with the present policies, reform direction, and experiences in inner country or outer country so as to induce many feasible policy advices.Research fruits: (1) The distribution principle and means of inter-provinces hydropower investigation items. (2) The policies of inter-provinces electricity transmission price. (3) Policies of loan and revenue in hydropower. (4) The feasibility and necessary of building hydropower investment fund and issuing long-term hydropower bond. (5) The electricity price更多还原