【作者】 欧阳常青；

【导师】 沈阳；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 应对，指的是个体在应激事件或应激环境中，为了解决因应激事件或应激环境而带来的行为问题，或为了平衡因应激事件或应激环境而带来的情绪问题，而采取的种种对付办法和策略的活动。国内外有关应对的众多研究都业已证明：应对是影响身体康复和协调应激以及与应激间关系的一个重要因素，或说，应对是与应激事件或应激环境以及适应结果(如压抑、心理疾病、身体疾病)等相关的主要因素，简言之，应对与个体的心身健康有密切相关。因而，关注应对，研究应对，已引起国内外有关人士，特别是教育工作者和心理卫生工作者等的重视和关注。认为如何指导在校学生顺利应对各种心理紧张因素，是值得学校、家庭、社会都应该关心的问题，也是摆在教育界和心理学界的一项重要任务。自R.S.LAZARUS的交互式应对理论及模型提出以来，众多应对研究者分别从不同的视角对应对进行了多方位、多层次的深入研究，并在某种程度上达成了一些共识，认为：个性、年龄、性别、生理状态以及个体的知识结构、自尊和自我效能感等应对资源在很大程度上影响着个体的应对方式的选择，从而影响着个体应对应激的有效性，进而影响着个体的心身健康。 社会支持又称社会网络，是指来自社会各方面包括家庭、亲属、朋友、同事、伙伴、党团、工会等组织或个人给予个体的精神上或物质上的帮助和支持的系统。社会支持具有一种特殊的功能，即能在某种程度上调节个体因认知失调或行为失范所带来的各种负性情绪体验，使个体的情绪达到一种平衡状态，最后促进个体的身心健康。换言之，社会支持对个体身心健康有显著影响，即社会支持的多少可以预测个体身心健康的结果。由于社会支持的这种功能，社会支持因而被国外众多的应对研究者经验性的纳入其应对的研究中，认为：社会支持是必然的应对的因子或元素，或说，社会支持水平的高低与个体的应对方式(积极应对方式和消极应对方式)间存在着直线关系。然而，对于是否存在这种直线关系?其程度有多高等有关问题?国外的应对研究者并没有对此进行深入的研究和探讨。国内有关的应对研究起步较晚，对影响个体应对行为的诸多因素，至今还没有一个系统而全面的研究。对社会支持与应对方式间相互间的关系，尤其是有关社会支持与应对间相互作用的中介机制问题，也缺乏必要的研究和探索。这就常常形成一种尴尬局面：一方面，学校心理健康教育所需的人力、物力和财力亟待增强，另一方面，学校现有的许多应对资源却未能“物尽其用”、“人尽其才”。正是基于上述现状。笔者试图对应对方式与社会支持间的关系作一些研究和探讨，力求为应对的深入研究作力所能及的贡献。在研究中，笔者发现：社会支持水平的高低对大学生的应对方式的选择的影响并不是十分明显。换言之，高社会支持水平并不都必然的对应着积极应对方式，而低社会支持水平也不一定对应着消极应对方式。但是，主观支持水平却与大学生的应对方式间有着较明显的关系，即在很大程度上，高主观支持水平与积极应对方式相对应，而低主观支持则与消极应对方式相联系。结合本研究所反映的“学生的应对方式在年级间、班干与非班干间的显著性差异”来考察，我们认为这是学生内部资源(知识、经验、自我效能感等)在起作用。这就意味着：一)我们有必要加强对应对与社会支持间，特别是应对方式主观支持间的研究，以揭示出大学生应对方式与社会支持间的中介机制，从而，缓解学校中“心理资源缺乏与过剩并行”的尴尬局面。二)学校心理健康的重点应放在旨在教会学生学会应对的“应对教育”之上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coping refers to the action of an individual who use all kinds of or different methods and activities to deal with or solve his or her behavior problems, or to balance his or her feelings or mood, when facing stress case or staying in a stress situation. There are a lot of studies about coping at home and abroad that have proved that coping is an important factor which influences the recovering from the illness of a patient, and that coordinates the relationship between stresses; or in other words, it is a major factor which is related to the result of the adoption of an individual to the stress cases or stress situation, for instance, constain, mental illness, physical diseases, and so on .Briefly , there is a close relationship between coping and a person’s mental health ,Therefore ,the people concerned , especially education and psychology workers have concerned with it and paid much attention to the style of it It is believed that the problem that "how to direct school boarders to cope smoothly with all kinds of mental tension is a problem that is worth concerning by schools ,family, sociaty ,and that is an important task before the educational circles and psychological circles." Since the interacting coping theory and its model were put forward by R.S.Larzarus, many coping researchers have made deep study about it in diverse directions and levels from different angles. And in a way, the reached some common recognition, that is, they believe that the coping resource, such as character, age, genera, mental state, and the knowledge structure, self-esteem and self-efficacy of an individual etc. Have an effect on the obtain of coping style in a large degree. As a result, that influences the effectiveness and the mental health of an individual’s coping.The social support or the social relationship, refers to a system of assistance or support of the spirit or the material given to the individual by all walks of life, Including families, relativesfriends, colleagues, parties, political parties , unions and other organizations ,and so on .The social support has a special function ,that is , in some degree it coordinate all kinds of negative sense of the felling that result from the individual cognitive disorder or the behavior out of the normal way to make the feelings to reach a balance state, and finally to promote the physical and mental health of an individual . In other words, the social support has an evident effect on one’s mental and physical health, that is to say, how much support of the social and predict more or less the result of one’s health in the mind and body. Thus, with this function, the social support has been classifying experientially by a great number of foreign researchers in their coping study. They hold that it is inevitable that the social support becomes a factor or an element of coping, or that there is a linear relationship between the social support and the individual’s coping style (positive and negative style). However, is there such a linear relationship in existence between them? and how high in degree about this relationship? To these questions, foreign researchers have not made deep study or further exploration. But in our country up to now, there has not yet a systematic and comprehensive study on the effect of the factors of an individual’s coping behavior due to its late initiation. And at the same time, we are lack of a necessary research and exploration about this relationship between2their interaction. As a result, there often creates such an embarrass condition: On the one hand, the mental health education in school needs an urgent strength or increase in manpower, material and financial resources; on the other hand, the coping resources schools have today have not been "made the most of ". it is based on this current situation that this article tries to made some researches and explorations on the relationship between the coping style and the social support, and contribute what I can to it. The writer found in the article the influence of the social supp更多还原