【作者】 江业文；

【导师】 罗平汉；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 新中国第一部宪法的制定，是中国共产党领导中国人民探索由新民主主义走向社会主义道路这一特定历史环境下的产物。自中华人民共和国成立，到1953年，我国新民主主义建设已经取得了巨大的成就。此时，我国开始了从新民主主义社会向社会主义社会过渡的时期，面临着“一化三改造”的艰巨任务。为了实现这一任务，必须动员全国人民的力量，建立高度统一的国家领导制度。因此，共和国有必要制定出一部宪法来代替起“临时宪法”作用的《共同纲领》。 在这种历史背景下，新中国的制宪者们，力求从我国的客观实际出发，以马列主义和毛泽东思想为立宪指导思想，坚持民主和社会主义原则、领导和群众相结合的原则、科学性原则、总结与借鉴相结合的原则、原则性与灵活性相结合等立法原则。在长达一年零九个月的时间里，精心领导和组织中国人民制定了新中国历史上第一部社会主义宪法。这部宪法，于1954年9月20日第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议正式通过，习惯上又称为1954年宪法。 1954年宪法，把实现国家在过渡时期总任务的具体步骤用法律形式固定下来，明确规定了人民民主和社会主义的原则，为新中国铺好了走到社会主义社会的前进轨道。因此，它与《共同纲领》相比，已有了明显的发展和变化。但由于当时我国还没有进入社会主义时期，所以1954年宪法只是一个过渡时期的宪法，还不是完全意义上的社会主义宪法，它只是记录了党在过渡时期的总路线以及当时我国的基本经济制度和经济政策，也就带有不可避免的历史局限性。而且在指导思想、立法程序等方面也存在某些不足，尤其是过多的照搬了苏联的经验，对我国建国前的宪法理论和实践经验，以及欧美资产阶级国家的宪法理论和制宪经验，没有给予实事求是的评价和借鉴。 本文以史学理论为依托，结合宪法学观点，坚持马克思辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的方法论，试图通过回顾新中国第一部宪法制定的历史，并总结出其中的一些经验教训，为我国目前“依法治国”方略的实施提供某些参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The formulation of the first constitution of the People’s Republic of China, which is a result of the particular historical circumstances of the Chinese Communist Party leading Chinese people exploring the road from New Democracy to socialism. From the time when the founding of the people ’s Republic of China to .1953, Chinese New Democracy construction has achieved great success. At this time, China is in a period from New Democracy to socialism, Facing a difficult task of One transformation and Three Reforms’. In order to realize the task, it need mobilize all people’s power, establish a highly unitcd state leading system. Therefore, it’s necessary to build a new constitution to replace the Common Programme’ which acting as a temporary constitution.Under the above historical background, the constitution makers of the people’s Republic of China subjectively try to proceed from objective reality, take Marxism and Mao zedorg Thought as the guiding principle, stick to democracy and socialist principle, leader and masses combination principle, scientific principle, summary and reference combination principle, scientific pr~nciple. summary and reference combination principle, principality and nimblity combination principle and they pour. themslves into the ~vork heart and soul. During the time of one year and nine months, they lead and organize Chinese people to formulate the first socialist constitution in the history of the People’s Republic of China. The constitution was adopted in the First National People Representative conference on, September 20th, 1954 it’s also called Constitution of 1954.The constitution of 1954 fixes the concrete steps of realizing the national general task of transitioning period by the forn of law, it clearly set the principles of people’s democracy and socialism, and lay the road of forwarding socialism. For this reason, comparing with the. Common Prograninie’ it has a clear development and change. However, because then China don’t entered into socialist period, it is only a constitution of transitioning period and is not a complete socialist constitution, it only records the party’s general line of the transitioning period and China’s basic economic system and policy, so it has unavoidable historical limit. When it was formulated, it had some insufficient in guiding principle and formulation procedure, the constitution makers excessively mechanically copied the experience of the Soviet Union, as to the constitution theory and experience of European and American Capitalist states, they did not gave appraisal and reference of truth from the fhct.This article uses historical theory as its basis, and combines with the idea of constitutionology, sticks to the methodology of Marxism dialectical and historical materialism, tries to by means of recalling the history of the formulation of the first constitution of the people’s Republic of China, and sum lip some experiences and lessons from it, in order to provide spine references for the policy’s practice of China’s Administer state by Law at present.更多还原