旱地稀穴密株种植方式及其补灌水技术研究

【作者】 王俊学；

【导师】 南建福；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 资源短缺与人口增长的矛盾是全球性问题。挖掘旱地生产潜力，发展节水农业是促进农业持续稳定发展的必然选择。本文在载体播种技术基础上进行了稀穴密株种植方式及其补灌水技术的研究。稀穴密株种植方式的研究是以玉米为材料，试验采取单因素随机区组设计，设三个处理：单株/穴（CK）、三株/穴、五株/穴，每穴补灌水量一致。补灌水技术研究在室内进行，研究了地下滴灌条件下，在不同质地土壤中的水分运移规律。结果如下： （1）稀穴密株种植方式研究中，在每穴补灌水一致的情况下，三种处理单株/穴、三株/穴、五株/穴的单位面积产量依次为6257.46kg/hm~2，5920.09kg/hm~2，2621.67kg/hm~2，其中单株/穴处理与三株/穴处理的单位面积产量差异不显著。而两者与五株/穴的处理的单位面积产量差异达0.01显著水平。对三种处理补灌水的利用率以及其相对经济收入的综合分析结果表明：每穴种植三株玉米为旱薄地抗旱补水灌溉最佳种植方案。 （2）试验通过对两种土壤质地水分入渗量与时间、湿润锋运移距离与时间关系的研究，得出了其多项式数学模型，分别为： 砂土中：Y=-0.0594X~2+48.67X-15.151 R~2=0.9999 Y=-0.0011X~2+0.2009X+4.7339 R~2=0.9956（滴头下方） 壤土中：Y=-0.0594X~2+38.946X+4.0428 R~2=0.9999 Y=-0.0017X~2+0.2625X+4.2286 R~2=0.9962（滴头下方）更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies on Central Planting in Less Sockets and its Method of Irrigation in Dry and Abstract At present, people pay more attention to the lack of water resources. In agriculture research, it is an important subject that, how to search for a way to use water more effectively, both ensure supplies of water resources for crops and avoid wasting water resources in irrigation. This paper were carried out to study the central planting in less sockets and its irrigation methods. Studies were based on the technology of Carrier Planting in Dry-land. The experiments of Central Planting in less sockets design was one factor, it has three treatments: (l)plant one corn in a socket(CK); (2)plant three corn plants in a socket; (3)plant five corn plants in a socket. The same water was supplied for every socket. The experiment of irrigation was carried in Lab. Subsurface irrigation was used in this experiment. The studies results can be concluded as follows: 1 .Under limited water resources, equal quantity of water was supplied for every socket. The treatment of planting three corn plants in a socket had the highest yield. The yield of planting five corn plants in a socket took second place. And the yield of planting one corn in a socket(CK) was the lowest. 2.Through the experiment in the Lab, we concluded the relationship between the quantity of subsurface irrigation and irrigating time, and the relationship between the spreading distance of irrigating water and irrigating time in different quality and composition of the soil. Based on this mathematics model, people could supply water for the plants more suitably in Dry-land.更多还原