神仙·游仙诗·曹氏父子

【作者】 施建军；

【导师】 俞绍初；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 神仙思想源自西羌。齐威王、宣王、燕昭王、秦皇、汉武热衷求仙，善待神仙方士，使神仙思想广为流布，并促使游仙诗的诞生。屈原是最早的游仙诗人，假游仙以寄慨，对后世影响深远。所谓《仙真人诗》以及汉乐府中保存的为数不多的游仙诗，则多抒写列仙之趣，别无托讽。 虽然汉末人对求仙表现出空前的热情，三曹却都是不信神仙的。但对神仙方术，他们却将信将疑，曹操、曹植尤其如此。不过，他们问行道术的目的，是为了延年而决非为了求仙。 三曹游仙诗虽亦涉及列仙之趣，旨要乃在坎壈咏怀。在企羡神仙长生的共同表象下所蕴含的，曹丕是对人生苦短的深沉慨叹，曹操是对大业难成的重重忧虑，而曹植更多的则是忧生之嗟。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ideas about celestial beings caine from the western minority nationality named Qiang. King Qiwei, Qixuan, Yanzhao and Emperor Qinshi, Hanwu were all keen on seeking celestial beings and gave their preferential treatment to professionals on celestial beings. Such behaviour, more or less, contributed to the wider spread of ideas about celestial beings and the emergence of the poem which describing celestial beings? travel said you xianshi (YXS) in Chinese. Qu Yuan, the first author of YXS, made a tortuous expression of his inner feelings through YXSs. And had a deep influence on posterity. The so-called Xian Zhen Ren Shi, as well as a small amount of poems kept in Yuefu (a kind of governmental organ which administers certain musical affairs ) poetry of Han, on the contrary, only depict the pleasure of celestial beings?travel, in other words, have no any other implications. In the end of the Han dynasty, although many people had showed great enthusiasm for seeking celestial beings, the Cao father and sons didn抰 believe celestial beings at all. As for the professional techniques of celestial beings, they showed an attitude of dubiousness, especially CaoCao and CaoZhi. However, the purpose of their inquiring and carrying out the professional techniques was to seek longevity, not celestial beings. The YXSs of the Cao father and sons involve the pleasure of celestial beings?travel, but the gist is to expose their emotions in an indirect way. Their YXSs have a common appearance of admiring celestial beings? longevity. What does it chiefly suggest? Cao Pi’s is the deep sign and regret for a human being’s short life; CaoCao’s is the great anxiety caused by his great cause which was very difficult to be completed; CaoZhi’s is a lot of worry due to the life danger.更多还原