刑事沉默权若干问题研究

【作者】 蔡新文；

【导师】 李学宽；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 沉默权又称反对自我归罪的特权，它是指犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼中对来自司法官员的讯问有保持沉默或拒绝回答的权利，广义的沉默权还包括证人的拒绝作证权。自中国政府98年签署《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》之后，沉默权问题一直成为我国诉讼法学界研究的一大热点。本文通过对沉默权的产生、发展、诉讼价值及其缺陷等问题进行比较研究，论证了我国建立沉默权制度的必要性，并对架构中国特色的沉默权制度进行了初步的探讨。全文共分五个部分。 第一部分导论主要分析沉默权的含义以及研究沉默权的理论意义和实践意义。 第二部分主要是探讨沉默权的起源和发展问题。文章首先介绍关于沉默权起源的两种不同观点，接着重点介绍英美法系和大陆法系主要国家以及联合国有关文献关于沉默权及其程序保障规则的规定，希望这一介绍能给我国构建沉默权制度提供某些有益的借鉴。 第三部分主要评析英美两国关于沉默权的限制及其争论内容。文章认为，英美两国对沉默权作出限制是有其特殊的历史背景的，并且与沉默权的缺陷有关。但是限制沉默权并不意味着取消这种权利，它是控制犯罪与程序正当两种诉讼目的价值权衡的必然结果。 第四部分将研究的重点由国外转向国内。文章在分析中国现行法对于沉默权的态度及其主要原因之后，进而在深入剖析沉默权与如实陈述义务利弊的基础上，论证了中国建立沉默权制度的必要性。 第五部分主要对构建中国特色的沉默权制度作出初步设想。文章认为，具体构建沉默权制度，应当以刑事诉讼发展趋势为导向，综合考虑多种因素和多种效应，兼顾保障人权与控制犯罪两种诉讼目的。文章最后对设置沉默权的程序保障机制和构建消除沉默权负面影响的配套体系提出了几点建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Right to silence, the privilege against self-incrimination, refers to a speciflc right of a suspect or an accused not to answer any official questing, either I. front of police and prosecutors or in court. Broadly speaking, the right of a witness retImsimtg not to testify in a court Is also included in it. It has always been a subject of heated debate in crime procedural law researching field, since Chinese government signed the 揟he international Covenant of avil and Political Rights?in 1998. Through studying some problems about the right to silence, such as origin, development, value and defect of action, and so on, the dissertation concludes that it is necessary to Introduce the right into China. Moreover, it puts forward some preliminary proposals for a Chinese right to silence. This dissertation is divided Into five paris. Part 1 maInly analyses the meaning of the right .The theorical and practical significance of researching on the right to silence is also discussed here. Part 2 mainly discusses the history of the right to silence. Besides giving the Iwo major opinions about its origin, the dissertation emphatically introduces the stipulations and rules of procedural protection relating to the right to silence in Common Law and European Law, as well as in some international law, eipecting some beneflciai reference caum be drawn froni the introduction. Part 3 tries to comment on the flmitation to the right to silence and -3- the maJor issues caused by the limitation in United Kitigdotu and the United States .lt is argLIe(l that (lie restriction to the right to silence iiot only has its historical background, bitt also relevant with its owti defect. lint restriction does not meatt abolishment, it is the result deriving from value balance betweeti crime control and (mat process. Part 4 turns our attention from overseas to China. The Chinese law as it stands now does not include a right to silence. Iii fact; it imposes a duty on the accused to tell the truth. After analyzing the position of Chinese Jaw and its reason, it argues the necessity of illtro(hitcitig the right to silence into China based on weighing the advantages afl(l (hisadvalltages between the right to silence and the duty to tell the truth. l抋rt 5 niaittly gives some twehiutitiary proposals for cotts(rtlc(ing Chutia chiaracleristic legal system of the right to silence. 慒racing forward with the development trend of criminal justice system, comprehensive factors and effects should be seriously considered while introducing the right to silence into China .At the end of the fifth part, (lie (hissertatioII gives somtw legislative l)rol)osals, including rules of procedural protections and system eliminating the negative role relating to the right to silence.更多还原