【作者】 沈伟；

【导师】 耿社民； 秦国庆；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究对青海省境内的柴达木山羊（CS）、辽宁绒山羊（LRS）和柴达木绒山羊（CRS）三个山羊群体进行了血液蛋白质（酶）和分子遗传标记（RAPD）的多态性及其与经济性状（产绒量、体重和绒细度）的关系分析，结果如下：1. 绒山羊不同生产水平群体的生化标记 ① CS、CRS和LRS三个山羊群体经济性状最小二乘均值（LSM）间存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或 P<0.01），绒产量和体重以LRS最好（353.51g和37.293Kg），绒细度以CS最好（15.014μm）；② 除PA-3位点外，其它5个多型位点的优势基因型在三个群体中表现一致，分别为TfAA、Amy1-1、LAPAA、EsD1-1和Alp00型；③ 三个群体优势基因表现一致，分别为Alp0、PA-31、EsD1、Amy1、TfA和LAPA，说明其有着共同的起源；④ CRS群体基因位点平均纯合度为0.7227，低于CS（0.7416），而高于LRS（0.7130）；⑤ CRS与CS、LRS群体的遗传贴近度分别为0.957、0.891。2. 绒山羊经济性状单位点标记的遗传分析 ① 三个山羊群体在体重上，EsD位点的2-2型与1-1型的效应值之差值皆可达到各自群体的一个标准差以上，EsD2-2型为体重性状的首选标记基因型；② CRS和LRS群体在绒产量上,LAP和EsD两位点各基因型LSM间差异显著(P<0.05)，其LAPBB型为首选标记基因型；③ 三个山羊群体在绒细度上，PA-3位点各基因型LSM间的差异显著(P<0.05)，确定PA-32-2型为首选标记基因型。3. 绒山羊经济性状双位点标记的遗传分析 ① 三个山羊群体三个经济性状共计120个位点组合均存在一定程度的互作；② 在体重上，CS群体的Alp/ PA-3，CRS群体的Tf/Alp、Tf/Amy和Alp/Amy；在绒产量上，CRS群体的Tf/LAP、Alp/LAP、Alp/EsD、Amy/LAP和PA-3/EsD，LRS群体的PA-3/EsD；在绒细度上，CRS群体的Amy/EsD和LAP/EsD，LRS群体的Tf/EsD、Alp/EsD和LAP/EsD等15个位点组合内各组合基因型LSM值间差异显著（P〈0.05），且具有高的互作效应（RI>0.5）；③ 可利用标记基因型间的互作效应进行经济性状的标记辅助预测（MAP）。4. 绒山羊结构基因位点的遗传共适应 ① 三个山羊群体45个位点组合中有10个位点组合处于遗传不平衡状态，并且这些遗传不平衡由遗传共适应差异造成；② 除LRS群体Tf/PA-3组合的遗传不平衡包含非等位基因间的共适应差异外，其它不平衡位点组合皆由单位点遗传不平衡造成；③ LAP/EsD组合的共适应差异在群体间有遗传传递现象，并与经济性状有一定程度的关联。<WP=4>5. 绒山羊不同生产水平群体的DNA分子标记 ① RAPD分析所用8个引物扩增条带总数为94条，多型频率为0.8511，DNA片段长度在176-2937bp之间；② 利用RAPD标记进行亲缘群体间遗传分化和遗传相似性分析，发现CRS与CS、LRS的亲缘程度基本接近（Dij：0.0109，0.0106），CS与LRS间亲缘关系较远（Dij：0.0230）。6. 绒山羊经济性状DNA分子标记的遗传分析 ① 在体重上，CY0813引物的E带、CY0816引物的C带和O带、CY0817引物的D带、CY0818引物的G带、OPW19引物的C带以及F09引物的C带和H带为优势标记条带；② 在绒产量上，CY0814引物的F带、CY0816引物的J带、CY0817引物的A带和J带及OPW19引物的C带为优势标记条带；③ 在绒细度上，CY0817引物的F带、F09引物的D带和OPQ05引物的K带为优势标记条带；④ 在多目标性状标记时，CY0818引物的A带0型和OPW19引物的C带1型在体重和绒产量性状上表现出选择优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between economic traits (i.e. body weight, Cashmere yield and Cashmere fineness) and genetic markers ( i.e. blood protein polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA) was studied on three goat populations including Chaidamu goat (CS), Chaidamu Cashmere goat (CRS) and Liaoning Cashmere goat (LRS) in QingHai province, the result was showed that:1. Bio-chemistry markers of populations of different productivity on the Cashmeregoat ① It was significantly different among economic traits of three goat popula-tion (P<0.05 or P<0.01）, and it was the best for LRS on the traits of Cashmere yield and body weight （353.51g and 37.293 Kg），the best for CS on Cashmere fineness trait (15.014μm). ② The superior genotypes were identical in three goat populations besides of PA-3 locus，they were TfAA、Amy1-1、LAPAA、EsD1-1 and Alp00；The superior genes were identical too , they were Alp0、PA-31、EsD1、Amy1、TfA and LAPA. ③ The homozygosities each were 0.7227、0.7416 and 0.7130 in CRS、CS and LRS；the genetic approach degree was 0.957 or 0.891 in the relationships between CRS and CS or CRS and LRS.2. Genetic analysis of relationship between economic traits and markers at a single gene locus ① The residual quantity of the LSE of between EsD2-2 and EsD1-1 was more than a standard deviation on body weight trait in three goat populations, and EsD2-2 was the best marker genotype. ② The differences among the LSM of each genotype were significant at LAP and EsD loci on Cashmere yield trait of CRS and LRS (P<0.05), and LAPBB was the best marker genotype. ③ The significant difference among the LSM of each genotype was found at PA-3 locus on Cashmere fineness trait in three goat populations(P<0.05), and PA-32-2 was the most ideal marker genotype.3. Genetic analysis of relationship between economic traits and markers at double gene loci ① They all had the interaction at the 120 double loci of the three economic traits in three goat populations.② The difference among the each LSM of double loci genotypes were significant at 15 double loci (P〈0.05），such as Alp/ PA-3 of CS and Tf/Alp、Tf/Amy、Alp/Amy of CRS on body weight trait; Tf/LAP、Alp/LAP、Alp/EsD、Amy/LAP、PA-3/EsD of CRS and PA-3/EsD of LRS on Cashmere yield; Amy/EsD、LAP/EsD of <WP=6>CRS and Tf/EsD、Alp/EsD、LAP/EsD of LRS on Cashmere fineness, their interactive effects were greater than others and RI>0.5. ③ With the interaction between marker genotypes at double loci, it could be used to MAP.4. Genetic co-adaptability between structural gene loci ① The genetic disequilibrium of 10 double loci was found at 45 double loci in three goat populations and these genetic disequilibrium were caused only by the difference of genetic co-adaptability between genes.② The genetic disequilibrium including the difference of genetic co-adaptability between non-allelic genes was only found at Tf/PA-3 double loci in LRS , the other genetic disequilibrium were all caused by the genetic disequilibrium at a single locus.③ The difference of genetic co-adaptability was messaged in genetics at LAP/EsD double loci, and had some relations with the economic traits.5. DNA marker of populations of different productivity on the Cashmere goat ① With 8 random primers in the RAPD analysis, there were 94 amplified bands in every population, and polymorphic frequency was 0.8511，the length of these DNA fragments was 176-2937 bp. ② The analysis of genetic similarity among three goat populations with RAPD marker showed that the relationship between CRS and CS or CRS and LRS was similar（Dij：0.0109，0.0106）. However, the relationship between CS and LRS was further（Dij：0.0230）.6. Genetic analysis on the DNA markers of economic traits on the Cashmere goat ① On body weight trait, the superior marker bands were the bands E of CY0813、C and O of CY0816、D of CY0817、G of CY0818、C of OPW19、C and H of F09.② The bands F of CY0814、J of CY0816、A and J of CY0817、C of OPW19 were the superior marker o更多还原