小学作文创造性教学策略研究

【作者】 曲霞；

【导师】 赵承福； 张景焕；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要从通过作文教学培养小学生创造力的角度出发，根据作文教学和儿童身心发展的基本规律，结合创造教育研究已取得的成果及近几年来我国小学作文教改的成功经验，对小学作文创造性教学策略作了初步探讨。文章力图使理论与实践相结合，不仅从理论上对小学作文创造性教学策略的内涵和确定的依据作了深入分析，而且从小学作文教学的实践需要出发，对优秀作文教学经验进行概括和提升，形成具有较强可操作性的小学作文创造性教学策略，以便更好地指导教学实践。 论文的主要内容分三部分： 一、小学作文创造性教学策略的内涵。本文首先介绍了创造性教学和教学策略两个一般性概念。认为要在过程和目标的统一中把握教学策略的涵义。一方面，创造性教学必须以培养学生的创造力为重要教学目标，这是其与一般教学概念最根本的不同；另一方面，这一目标的实现必须以教学过程中师生双方主体性和创造性的充分发挥为前提。在分析教学策略的内涵时，本文认为不能仅把教学策略看作是宏观的教学程序计划、措施，或是具体的教学行为，而应从认识与实践两个方面来把握。因此，本文将教学策略视作对为了实现一定教学目标而设计的教学方法的理性认识以及在这一理性认识指导下教师展开的具体教学行为。其中，前者是后者的理论指导，后者是前者的实践应用。而小学作文创造性教学策略则是用来解决在小学作文教学这一特殊问题情景中如何培养学生创造力这一特殊教学目标问题的特殊教学策略。 二、确定小学作文创造性教学策略的依据。通过对教学设计一般过程的考察，我们提出了确定小学作文教学策略的三个主要依据：1 小学作文教学的认知和情感高度统一的特点决定了小学作文创造性教学策略的设计与实施必须着眼于对学生知识、能力和个性培养的并重；2 小学生的起点行为和学习特征决定了要从“匹配”和“失配”两个角度长善救失设计教学策略；3 小学作文创造性教学的目标决定了要根据培养学生观察力、想象力、创造性思维能力、语言表达能力和创造性个性的需要制定有效的策略。 三、小学作文创造性教学策略。文中共提出了五大基本教学策略及相应的教学方法。包括：（一）充分激发学生的作文动机。具体方法有：1 营造良好的作文教学氛围；2 使作文教学富有意义；3 采用灵活多样的教学方式；4 提供明确的作文反馈信息。（二）开放课堂，作生活作文。具体方法有：1 进行多种文体的基础训练；2 结合学校生活进行作文训练；3 加强作文教学与各科教学的联系；4 在学生的个人生活中渗透作文训 小学作文创造性教学策略研究练。（三）通过发展学生的认知能力促进其语言表达能力的提高。具体方法有；1在作前指导中加强观察力的训练；2在观察的基础上发展学生的想象力：3在指导学生表达的训练中培养学生的创造性思维能力。（四）读写结合，实现作文能力的迁移。主要包括五种有利于培养学生创造性的读写结合方式：l想象性作文；2模仿性作文；3求变性作文；4求异性作文；5评价性作文。（五）重视讲评，培养学生自改文章的能力。具体方法有：1提出明确的修改目标：2教给学生正确的修改方法；3采用师生合作的讲评方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to cultivate primaIy school pupil’s creativity by the way ofwriting teaching, we preliminari1y probe into the field of creative writingteaching strategies in primary school in this article. These strategies aredetermined in terms of the basic principIes ofwhting teaching and children’sdevelopment, referring to the frUits of creative education and the excelleni’eXPerience of the writing teaching’s reform in elementaIy schooI lately Wetry to make theory combined with practice in this wticle. We not only deeplyanalyze the connotation of creative writing teaching strategy in primaryschool a-nd its foundation in theory but also summarize and refine theexcel1ent practical exPerience of Writing teaching in elementary school toform the creative writing teaching strategies. These strategies are operationa1and meet the practical need of writing teaching, so they ca-n instruct teachingpractice betterThs hoc1e mainly includes three pans.The first pall is the connotation of creative writing teaching strategy in.pnmaxy school. We introduce two basic conceptions firstly’ CreativeTeaching and Teaching Strategy We understand the conLnotation of theCreative Teaching as the iniegration of aim and couxse. On the one hand,cultivating puPil’s creativity is an impoftan teaching aim fOr creativeteaching, Which differs from the ordinary teaching. On the other hand, theprecondition of this aAn’s accomplishInent is that the subjective natUre andcreativity of the teachers and the StUdeds must be made ful1 use during thecourse of teaching. We don’t think Teaching Strategy is only themacroscopic teaching procedural project or the concrete teaching behavior.We regaxd it as both the rational knoWedge of teaching methods designedfor anainting special aim and teacher’s behavior instruCted by the rationalknowledge in the classroom. In these two aspects, the former is thetheoretical instruction for the 1atter and the latter is aPpliance of the fOrmer inpractice. In view of the two basic conceptions, we think the creative whtingteaching StTategy is a special teaching strategy for solving the Problem ofcultivating studenis’ creativity in the specia1 condition of writing teaching inprimaIy school.The second part is the fOundations of deciding the creative writingteaching Strategies. By Studying the Process of teaching design, we providethree foundations helpful to decide the creative writing teaching strategies. 1.The trait of the high integration of cognition and emotion decides the designand aPpliance of creative whting teaching strategies in primary school mustbe aimed at the Whole cultivation fOr children’s bowledge, abilfy andpersona1ity 2. The studeflt’s Stalling behavior and its leawhng traits decide. 3that these stfategies must be designed according to tWo aspects f enhancingthe student’s good points and remedying its weak points. 3. The objects ofcreative writing teaching in primaIy school decide that these strategiesshould meet the need of cultivating children’s visua1 ability imaginatvefaculty the ability of creative thinking, the ability of expression and thecreative personalityThe third paIt is strategies of creative writing teaching in primaIyschool. In this ndicle, we provide five basic teaching strategies and theircorresponding teaching methods. The first is evoking Students’ motivationfor whting fully We ca-n adopt the following methods f 1.Build positiveatthosPhere for writing; 2. Endow sense with the whting practice, 3. Adoptflexible and diverse teaching ways; 4.Provide explicit information offeedback for wrting revision. The second is opening the classroom andwriting composition according to children’s life. There are fOllowtngmethods f l.Make stUdent practice different types of whting, 2.Writecomposition correSPonding with chi1dren’s schooI Iife; 3. Strengthen theconnection betWeen writing teaching and other subjects teaching; 4. Iallltratewhting tra更多还原