不同类型盐生植物叶片Na～+区域化作用机理的比较研究

【作者】 邱念伟；

【导师】 王宝山；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 植物学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 Na⁺在液泡中区域化是植物耐盐的一种重要机制，是盐生植物的主要特征。但是，不同类型的盐生植物以及同一种植物的不同器官离子区域化能力不同，从而影响其生长。本实验以碱蓬、滨藜、莳萝蒿等三种不同类型的盐生植物为材料，进行NaCl处理，分析三种植物叶片中Na⁺区域化作用的差异及其造成这种差异的机理，并结合其它主理指标阐明叶片Na⁺区域化作用在植物耐盐性中的重要作用。主要结果如下： 1.盐处理对不同类型盐生植物生长状况的影响 不同类型的盐生植物的耐盐性有很大差别，在100-400mmol·L^-1 NaCl条件下莳萝蒿的相对生长速率小于对照，而碱蓬和滨藜的相对生长速率大于对照；莳萝蒿对照条件下整株鲜重最大，碱蓬和滨藜分别在200、100mmol·L^-1 NaCl条件下整株鲜重最大。三种植物的不同器官对盐渍环境的反应也不相同，随盐处理浓度的升高，莳萝蒿鲜重和干重基础上的根冠比基本上呈增大趋势，只是在400mmol/L NaCl条件下又有所减小；而碱蓬和滨藜盐处理以后，鲜重基础上的根冠比下降，干重基础上的根冠比变化不明显。 同一植物在不同盐渍条件下的相对生长量与其它生理指标的相关性分析表明，在盐渍条件下植物的生长与植物的水分状况和叶片肉质化程度密切相关。根部的拒Na⁺作用较强的莳萝蒿生长受NaCl抑制，叶片具有泌Na⁺能力的植物滨藜在200-4O0mmol·L^-1 山东师范大学硕士研究生毕业论文NaCI条件下主长受促进程度小于稀盐植物碱蓬。说明根部的拒NS”作用和叶片泌Na”能力在植物的耐盐性中不起关键作用。除了在100 mmol．L－’NaCI条件下滨墓的主长促进程度高于碱蓬外，在其它盐渍条件下，三种植物生长促进程度与叶片内Na”积累量具有相同的变化规律。表明叶片积累Na”的能力可能与植物耐盐性具有密切关系。 2．盐处理对不同类型盐生植物各器官无机离子和可溶性有机组分含量的影响 三种植物叶片内Na”、CI含量都随盐处理浓度的升高而增大，而 K”、Ca’“含量都随盐处理浓度的升高而下降。三种植物叶片内的Na“、CI含量为根部Na”、CI含量的二．6倍。 盐处理后，三种植物叶片中的脯氨酸含量增加最显著，可溶性糖含量也随盐处理浓度的升高而增加；总游离氨基酸含量却随盐浓度增加呈下降趋势：蔚萝蒿叶片内有机酸的含量随盐处理浓度的升高而增加，而碱蓬和滨要叶片中有机酸含量随盐处理浓度的升高无明显变化规律。 3．叶片Na“区域化作用在植物耐盐性中的贡献分析 在盐渍条件下，三种植物把Na”都主要积累在地上部，尤其是叶片中；而进入叶片的 Na”90％以上积累在共质体内；碱蓬和丙萝蒿的叶片泌 Na”量占叶片总含 Na”量的百分比不到 1％，泌盐植物滨萎的叶片泌Na”量占叶片总含Na”量的百分比也仅为7％左右。 在对照条件下，三种植物叶片的渗透调节主要依赖K”；盐处理后，无机离子在叶片渗透调节中的贡献增大，其中主要是Na”、CI－两种离子在叶片渗透调节中的的贡献增大。 4．盐处理对不同类型盐生植物叶片液泡膜H”－ATPase水解活性的影响 三种盐主植物叶片液泡膜H“－ATPase水解活性对盐渍条件的 二 山东师范大学硕士研究生毕业论文反应不同，盐处理后碱蓬的叶片液泡膜H”－ATPase 水解活性增大了近一倍，蔚萝蒿和滨基的叶片液泡膜H”－ATPase水解活性增大幅度小于碱蓬。盐渍条件下滨蓖和碱蓬叶片液泡膜H”－ATPase 水解活性远远大于蔚萝蒿。 总之，三种盐生植物都具有较强的适应盐渍环境的能力，在400thffiol·L－‘NSCI条件下仍能正常生长。在盐渍条件下，三种植物仍然都将Na”、CI主要积累在地上部，尤其是叶片中，并主要靠Na”、CI进行渗透调节。叶片区域化Na“的能力与液泡膜H－．ATPase活性和Na丫H”逆向转运活性有关。这种Na”区域化作用的大小决定着植物耐盐能力的强弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 Though Na+ Nmen intO vacule is an twOrtan meeedsm of plantsalttolerane and a major cbe df haloPhyts. dibo tyPe of halophytesand differeni organs of the same SPecies haV diverse abi1thes ofNa+compmp which the thected the grOwh of p1ant Unde salAnty.Suaede saho, Atrpe ceha’forha and Arboisia anethghlia wer treatedwith NaCl in the Present StUdy We analyZed the ptherane of Na+comPament in the lcaves btw thes tthe SPecies and the reason of it andexPoUnde the boortance of Na+ comPartmen in the leave in p1an salt-tolerance. The resultS we had dettw lined as follows:1. Tbe effectS of salttreahoent on tke garetk situations of dtherent type ofhalophytes.The ability of sait-tolerane of dibo tyP of halOPhyts are different.The relative grOwh wi of ArboisiQ anethghlia Unde 100-400mmol ’L-’NaCl was lowe than the conbo1i thee the relative gnwth qUantity of Suaedasalsa and Amplex cenhabo unde l00400Inml ’L’ NaCl wer higherthan the conbol. The M relW growth qUantity of Atheisia anethghlia,SuM M and Atrpe centwwt was reSPectively Under 0200,l00mml -L’ NaCl. The organs of the for SPecies reSPonsd in differen W8y totaltw The ratios of roots and shoOts of both besh weigh and dry weigh ofArthaiSia anethghlia rose ed the inCrase of NaCl concentalon in medwtonly declined Under 400 rnml -L’ NaCl. The ratios of roots and shoOtS offreSh weght of M M and Awt cenhabo decreaSed with theM of NaCl conCeDhaon in the ed mwhny but tha of dry weighchanged very lthe.57The cormfor analysis betw the relativ ~ wi and othePhysiological wt under M NaCl W in mediumshowed tha the relallve growth qUantity was closely coedand to watercontent of whole plant and the SUCCwt degree of the leaves. The gh ofArtimisia anethghIia tha had bethe ability of Na excluson was chbtal byNaCl,and the degree of grOwh -- by NaCl of AffiPlex cenhaiathawhose leaves had an ability of Na+exCreon wer lower than tha of SuaedasalsQ tmder 200400InInI’L-l NaCl,which showed tha Na+ excIusion and Na+excretion didn’t play a critical rOe in plan salboleranc. The pattem ofgrOwth enhancemen by NaCl of the three SPecies unde saltw exeePt l00mmol’L--l NaCl was sbolar to be of Na acCUmuledon in leaves, whichShowed tha the abi1ity of Na+ aCCUmulaon in leaves ndgh be closely relativeto plan saltco1erance.2’ The effects of saboahoeut ou the conhets of inorganic ions andsoluablc oreanic componentS in each organ of dchtal type of halopbytes.The contents of Na+ and Cl-- in the leaves of the three SPecies inCrasedwith the increaSe of NaCl conCewton in the nd medium. On thecowt the coM of K+ and Ca2+ decreased. The contentS of Na+ and Cl- inthe leaves of the three SPecies were two tO sin tims higher than tha of in rootS.The conten of proline in the leavs of the three SPeies inCrased moStlyds saIt thebo. The contentS of soluble sugat inereased tOo. However thecoM of tOtal bee talon acd decreased ed the increase of NaClconCentalon in the be ch. The contents of oreboc acd in the leavesof AMisia anethghlia increaSd with.the inCrase of NaCl conCentration in theeXtemal medin, bu tha in the lcaves of Suaede Saho and A~centraforbo changed in disode3. The aualysis of tbe contributi6n Of Na+ compartment into leaves tO plantsalt4oleranceffe boe rpectri wi Na+ mtaly bo ed theots,egucially dritheir leawe under saltw and 90% of Na wtwt intO the leavesedated in mplast. The amOUn of NareCred by leaVes of SUaede Sahaand Arboisia anethpo was less than l% of the totai Nain their leaveS whil58the amount of Na ed by leawe of Sait-exedon haiOPbe Atrpecenhahatw was ouly 7% Of the od Na+ in the leaves.The oSmotic wton Of the leawe of the for ler mainly depededon W anu untw the comel coareon. bo edy aenenaed on Na+ anaCY M saltw The COntwon of inorgedc fonS to oSmfor wiedon. increased ds ha4. The effects Of saltwtent on V-H+AfPase kydrelisis activty ofdchrent tyPe of haloPthe.The reSPons of V-inAThase hydrlisis Anvity of the leaVes更多还原