《小说月报》与中国小说现代化的转型

【作者】 杨庆东；

【导师】 朱德发；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文考察了《小说月报》的历史变迁，对《小说月报》前、后两个时期所刊载的小说进行研究，分别从小说的观念转变与小说文本的建构两个方面探讨、论析了中国小说的现代化转型历程，试图从现代文学期刊这一文学传播媒介入手对中国现代小说的产生、发展、演变予以重新观照，探讨文化工业特别是现代期刊的产生与中国现代小说产生的关系，进而重新观照整个新文学发展演变的历史轨迹。由于答辨要求所限，只将本文的第五、六两章抽出参加毕业论文答辨。 第五章《小说月报》与中国小说观念的现代性转化一、前期《小说月报》中小说观念的演进 以恽铁樵、管达如为首的前期《小说月报》的革新派从小说的内容、功用、审美特性对传统小说观念进批驳。他们认为小说是社会的反映，是社会心理的反映，而且，小说是事实的而非空言的，更重要的是小说作为文学的一种，必勿背美术之旨，从而对传统载道、惩劝的小说观进行批驳。由于缺乏先进的思想理论与文化哲学，他们尽管在现代小说观念的建立提出了许多先进独到的见解，但是并没有最终建立起现代小说观念。这个任务只能留给后期《月报》的诸君们去完成。二、后期《小说月报》“为人生”小说观的建立。 后期《月报》同人如沈雁冰、周作人、郑振铎等人在接受了西方生命哲学的基础上，建立了“人的文学”观，从而提出“人的小说”这一现代小说观念。他们强调文学的本质是人，而文学就是对人生的探讨，对人生的反映。而这里的“人”己不同于传统的“民”的概念，它是建立在尊重个性独立与自由基础上的现代人学范畴。现代人学观的确立直接促进了中国现代小说观念的转型。 第六章《小说月报》中现代小说文本的建构 一、白话语符在小说文本建构中的演变 小说是语占的艺术，小说是惜语符体系来实现对感性世界的呈现的，所以小说在最初层面上呈现为语言符号体系。从文本的层次上看，中国小说在《小说月报》中的演变首先表现为山文言语符向白话语符的转变。山于符号形式本身包蕴着人与文化的本质并成为人与文化本质的外在形式与物化结果。所以《小说月报》中不同时期的由白话语符建构起的小说文本，也就最直接地体现着中国小说现代性转化的轨迹。它在内在层次上展示着小说创作的文化心理机制与思维模式的转变。这是中国小说现性转变的最本质的根源所在。 二、《小说月报》中叙事模式的现代性转换 依据叙事学理论，可以看到前、后期《小说月报》中的小说在叙事模式上发生了根本性的变化。古老的第三人称全知视角的叙事模式在前期《小说月报》中处于垄断地位，使小说文本渐渐趋向沉滞。不过第三人称限知叙事与第一人称限知叙事两种现代性的叙事方式在前期《小说月报》中的出现毕竟透出中国现代小说产生的一些曙光。后期《月报》中这两种叙事方式的广泛运用，标志着中国小说最终实现了现代性转化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aYticle investigates the change of the history of the short story, studiesthe novels that were published in the former and latter periods of the shortstOry The process of the modern transfOrmation of chinese novel has beendiscussed and inquired into in the two terms of the concept of novel and theconstraction of novel text, attempt to renew1y view t:he bifth, development andevollltion of modern chinese novel according to the medium of literaturalpropagation -- the modern literatural periodical. The relation between thebirth of modern periodical and modern chinese novel has been discussed, morefollther to renewly view the whole course of the development and evolution ofthe modern chinese literature. Because of the limit of demands of reply inarguemeflt. Chapter 5’ 6 of the article is only taken out to participate the articlearguemeflt.Chapter 5 The shorl slOry and the modem transfOrmation of conceptof chinese novell, the evolution of the novel concept in the fbrmer the short storyThe renovation group in the former the short stOry that was leadered byYuntieqiao and Guandaru criticized the tYaditional concept of novel in terms ofits content, function and aesthetic particularity. They held that novel is themirror of societica1 life and mentality and is not vain but substanial,pariicularIy, it is that novel as one type of literature aft couldn’t transgress theprincipIes of an. Athough they had pul forward many developed and originalideas in the way of construction of modern novel concept. They didn’tultimately accomplish the construction of modern chinese novel conceptbecause they were lack of developed thought theories and cultural philosophy.The assignment had to leave for the latter comrades ()f the short story2, the construction of the concept of fiction fOr life in the latter theshort storyThe comrades of the latter the short stOry such as Shenyanbing,Zhouzhuoren and Zhengzhenduo had built the concept of literature for life onthe ground of the west 1if e philosophy and posed the concePt of modern novel--fiction fOr 1if e. They first1y emphasized that the essence of literature ishuman being and literature is the mirror of life. The concept of human beingWhich is used here is different from the traditional concept of the people isbuilt on the ground of the modern concept of humanism that cofltains theindependence and liberty of person. It directly acce1erated the transformationof modern concept of chinese fiction.ChaPter 6 the modern nevol text’s construction in the short story1, the evolution of vernacular chinese baihua language marks in thecourse of constructing novel text.Novel is one of language arts and draws suppori f from the language markssystem to reflect the perceptual world. So on the first levels novel aPpears thelanguage marks system. The evolution of chinese novel from the short storyfirstly appeared the transfOrmation from the vernftcular chinese wenyan tobaihua. In terms of novel text. Because the marks itself which contain theessence of human being and culture becotnef; the outer forms andphysico-chemical fruits. as a result, the novel texts Which were constructed indifferent periods of the short story manifest the orbit of the transfOrmation ofmodern chinese novel and show the transformation ()f cultural psychology andthe model of mind. This is the most essential cause where modern chinesenovel takes place.2. the modern transformation of narrative model in the short storyComplied with the narratology theory, the narrative model of chinesenovel has taken p1ace essentia1 change in the short story. The narrative modelof ancient third person almight angle of view took a monoplized position inthe short story. But the narrative model of third prs()n limit angle of view hadappeared as wel1 as the first person limit angle of view This disclosed a ray ofthe first light of morning of the birth of modern chinese novel. The twonarrative mode更多还原