【作者】 郭云飞；

【导师】 刘（氵存）波；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 索·贝娄（1915-）被视为当前健在的最重要的美国小说家。1976年诺贝尔文学奖的获得确立了他作为当代美国文学代表人物的地位，并使其成为继海明威和福克纳之后当代小说界的先锋作家。贝娄在小说中着重刻画主人公内心深处的痛苦和冲突，以此对个人存在的真正意义进行不懈的探索。 《赫索格》，贝娄最重要的代表作品，表明了小说家对个人及个人保护与维持独特自我的关注。与贝娄所创作的大多数人物一样，赫索格在追求和试图把握自己命运的过程中也表现出了令人惊讶的执着。和贝娄小说中多数人物一样，他也被无情地卷入了一场精神危机之中。由于自身的缺陷，赫索格的自我出现了分裂并丧失了与世界和谐共存的同一性。不过，赫索格的不同寻常之处在于其精神中追求深入到了对过去事件的追忆和哲理性思考。这使他直接面对现实中错综复杂的一切，并领悟了人的存在这个问题：有意义的个人存在取决于自我和世界的融合。因此，《赫索格》标志着贝娄的哲学态度从灰暗到光明的转变，因为主人公重获新生是建立在一个坚实的基础之上。本文从存在主义的观点出发，讨论了赫索格从灰暗到光明、从否定到肯定、从混乱到有序以及从绝望到满怀希冀的精神历程。通过分析论证，旨在使读者认识到生活并不像萨特和加谬等存在主义先锋人物所阐释的那样荒谬和虚无。只要敢于直面现实并重获存在的勇气，现代人就能够顽强地生存下去。 本文共分五章。 第一章引论部分分析贝娄式主人公思想性格的主要特点和萨特、加缪、妥斯托耶夫斯基等所阐释的存在主义哲学的主导潮流。本章对多数存在主义者如萨特和加缪的哲学观点和由保尔·逖利奇提出的观点进行了简要的比较和探讨，指出身处困境的现代人只要 内容摘要43 重获存在的勇气，在重获新生的努力中是会立于不败之地的。 －第二章介绍了赫索格自我分裂的原因和直接后果，包括三部分。第一部分分析了赫 索格个体衫疖匕共彭绿化的根本原因。身为一个具有复杂哲学观念的知吐义十子，口于自” 己身上的教条化意识形态和社会压力进行了个人的辙申反叛。同时，他又陷入了自恋牙口否 定其他自我的【之中不能自拔。这导致他置与群体的融合而不顾，一味追 胃自我的 存在。第二部分进一步探讨了自我与世界之间的矛盾与冲突。由于其自恋禾口否定他人的倾 向，赫索格偏执于完全否定教条化意识扼态的权威性及合理性。赫索格对其宣扬的D 生命意义 巳极大的怀疑态度。于是，赫索格沦爵Et＆llll自我融入至僻体中去。结果是他 失去了与自身淤P部世界卡？存在意义上的腿。赫索格的自掰其世界中被隔离出去， 失去了自我参与世界的能力。第三部分进行分析比较了赫索格和约瑟夫（《荡来荡去的人》 中的主人公人由0夺了存在的联系，酣主人公硼…q虚无的世界里荡来荡 去。在这一世界里，贝娄所鼓吹的人类灵魂失去了其保持平衡的可g肥。 ·第三章分析探讨了赫索格寻找生命意义的精神历程。内心世界丰富的赫索格对真理 的追求主要是基于对超验的探索。本章由三部分组成。第一部分对赫索格遭受的损0痛 苦沾穷厅了分析研究，阐释了主JV公如叶羽澎越所受的苦难而获得对自我的认识与发现。第二 部分分析了赫索格对“本我灵魂”和“彼我灵魂”的二元性所做的深刻思考。通过其精 神历程以u的哲理性思哮，赫索格逐渐意0，只有个体担当起沟通个人和公众世界 的靛，恤s瞳嫉雉脚。第三u指出至真要￥帅体的内心世捻找，跪要 赫索格经历一次漫长的心路历程。 第四章着重撕主人螨索格经历一酮苦的心灵挣扎后，如何解决自朔世界间 的矛盾冲突。首先对赫索格经历的精字帧颤独行了分析。经过紧孩的思畴拜ogy的精神磨 难，赫索格摒弃了自恋和“假我”，为重新融入社会作好了必要的准备。其次细致分析了 赫索格如何重获存在的勇气和“真我”，其勇气和真我的重获为自我重新融入社会奠定了 坚实的基础。最后得出结论：赫索格发现了光明和真理，辙O世界重获新生；硼8狂乱的 自我也得以平静并与世 懈。 第五章结论部分再次陈述本文的主要观点并对贝娄的文学成就做了概括，点衬出小－说家在《赫索格》中取得的成就。同时，本章再一次阐明，贯穿于全文的论证主级赫 索格的重获勇气——为其从社会边缘到中心的精宇gtteli！il奠定了基础，使其摒弃“假我”，重 获“真我”。本章进一步指出，对客观现实及超验信念的领语使现代人发现其一直追寻的 真理和意义成为可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Saul Bellow (1915 ? is believed to be the most important living American novelist. Thewinning of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1976 has established Bellow as a representative figurein contemporary American literature and a vanguanl of contemporary fiction in the wake of ErnestHemingway and William Faulkner Bellow has persistently sought the true meaning of humanexistence by focusing on the onlinaiy inner agonies and conflicts in the hearts of the centralcharacters in his novels.Herzog, acclaimed to be Bellow’s most important representative work, demonstrates thenovelist’s preoccupation with the individual and the safekeeping and maintenance of the uniqueself. Iike most other Bellow’s creations, Herzog shows an amazing perseverance both in hispursuit of the ultimate truth and in his endeavour to work out his individual fate. Like most of othercharacters, Herzog is mereilessly plunged into a spiritual crisis wherein his self is disintegrated andhis identity forfeited as a result of his own failings. What is unusual about Herzog, however, is thathe extends his spiritual quest through both his memories of past events and his philosophicalruminations. This juxtaposition brings Herzog into direct confrontation with the intricacies andcomplexities of reality This confrontation enlightens Herzog as to the question of human existence:that is, the meaningful human existence pivots on the integration of self into world. Therefore,Herzog marks the transition of Bellow’s philosophical attitude from gloom to light in that thehero’s salvation is founded on a solid foundation. The dissertation, fivm an Existentialist point ofview, attempts to demonstrate Herzog’s spiritual progress from darkness to light, from negation toaffinnation, from chaos to order, and from despair to hope. Throughout its argumentation, thedissertation aims at convincing the reader of literature that life is not meaningless as expounded by40Renewal through Sufferingsuch vanguards of Existentialism as Sartre and Camus; that the modern man is able to sustainhimself as long as he faces up to reality and renew his courage to be.The dissertation consists of five chapters.Chapter One, Introduction, presents an analysis of the major aspects predominant in thecharacter of the Beilovian hen) and the predominant tt~nd in the philosophy of Existentialismexpounded by Saiirc, Camus, Dostoevsky and others. This chapter makes a biief comparisonbetween and a discussion about the philosophical views of most Existentialists such as Sartre ar4Camus and those proposed by Paul Tillicb, and points out that the modern individual will not loseout in his struggle for salvation with the resumption of the courage to be.Chapter Two, The Disintegration of l-Ierzog’s Self; traces the causes of Herzog’sdisintegration and its immediate consequences. This chapter is composed of three parts. Part Oneanalyses the root-causes of the marginalization of I-lerzog by the external world. As an intellectualimbued with profound philosophical ideas, Herzog launches a spiritual rebellion againstinstitutionalized ideologies and social demands upon him as an individual. Consequently, he lapses.into the cocoon of self-love and the tendency to negate other selves. This leads him to pursue Beingwithout its incorporation into Becoming. Part Two of this chapter deals with the conflict betweenself and world. Due to his narcissism and negation of others, flerzog tends to completely repudiateinstitutionalized ideologies and intellectualization that claim to embody the truth and meaning ofhuman .reality Thus Herzog resists Becoming with the result of him being deprived of anexistential relation to himself and to his world. Herzog’s self is inevitably cut off from participationin its wOrld. Part Three compares Herzog with Joseph~ two men dan更多还原