缙云山亚热带常绿阔叶林林隙动态研究

【作者】 王周平；

【导师】 李旭光；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 生态学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 1.从林隙的形成方式、大小分布和形成木特征等几方面对缙云山亚热带常绿阔叶林林隙的形成特征进行了初步研究。结果表明：缙云山森林林隙的形成方式以根拔、折干和枯立为主；林隙多由双形成木和三形成木形成，每个林隙平均形成木拥有量为2.88株；扩展林隙在100～300m~2之间分布最多，冠空隙在150m~2以下分布最多；扩展林隙直径与林隙高度比值多分布在0.6～1.4之间，冠空隙直径与林隙高度比值多分布在0.2～O.8之间；林隙形成木以马尾松、四川山矾、四川大头茶、银木荷、黄杞和小叶栲为主，且其在径级达到20～50cm、高度达到15～25m时，最可能倒伏或枯立创建林隙；平均每株形成木所形成的扩展林隙面积为76.8m~2，形成的冠空隙面积为34.4m~2。 2.运用Gleason物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数、生态优势度指数、均优多指数和群落优势度指数对缙云山森林群落林隙与非林隙物种多样性及群落稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：林隙以个体数为基础的物种丰富度为12.14，Shannon-Wiener指数为4.62，均匀度为0.70，Simpson指数为13.32，灌木层所起作用较大；非林隙林分各项物种多样性指数明显低于林隙，依次为6.32、3.74、0.66、8.16。林隙植物群落均优多指数显著高于非林隙，而生态优势度和群落优势度又明显低于非林隙，表明作为自然干扰和人为干扰的产物，林隙的存在增加了群落物种多样性，但同时也降低了群落的稳定性，整个森林群落处于典型的亚稳定状态。 硕士毕业论文：绍云山亚热带常绿阔叶林林隙动态研究 3．研究了重庆绍云山大面积分布的亚热带次生性针阔混交林林隙树木更替规律，预测 了该类型林林隙演替趋势。结果表明：马尾松种群表现出强烈的相互更替模式，四川大头 茶、四川山矾等常绿阔叶树种自我更替与相互更替两种模式共存；林隙现实树木更替过程 不能维持群落现有组成；Markov转移矩阵分析表明未来林冠层组成中马尾松种群将失去优 势地位，整个群落将由针阔混交林向常绿阔叶林方向演替。更多还原

【Abstract】 1. Forming characteristics of gap among the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jinyun Mountain were preliminarily studied through the gap-forming manner, size distribution of gap and the characteristics of gap maker in the essay. The results show that the main manners of gap formation in the forest are uprooting, stem breakage and standing death. Most of the gaps in the forest were formed by 2 or 3 gap makers, averaging 2.88 trees per gap. The size of expanded gap (EG) and that of canopy gap (CG) centralize at 100～300 m2 and <150 m2, respectively; the ratio of the EG diameter vs. the gap height and that of the CG diameter vs. the gap height centralize at 0.6～1.4 and 0.2～0.8,respectively.Most of the gap makers are Pinus massoniana, Symplocos setchuanensis, Gordonia acuminata, Schima argentea, Engelhardtia roxburghiana and Castanopsis carlesii var. spinulosa, and it is most possible for them to creat gaps in the manner of tree-fall or standing death when they are 20～50 cm in D.B.H. and 15～25 in in height. The area of EG and CG formed by one gap maker average 76.8 m2 and 34.4m2, respectively. 2. The species diversity and community stability of the gap and non-gap stands in Jinyun Mountain were studied by using species richness index (dGL), Shannon-Weiner index (H), Pielou evenness index(J),Simpson index(D),ecological dominance( A), evenness-dominance-abundance index(Z) and community dominance (C).The results show that the dGL,H?J and D calculated by individuals numbers in gap are 12.14,4.62, O.70,13.32,respectively. The shrub layer plays agreater role than other layers. Indices of species diversity in non-gap stand are 6.32, 3.74,0.66 and 8.16, respectively, which are lower than that in gap, obviously. Evenness-dominance- abundance index (Z) of the plant community in gap was far higher than that in non-gap stand. However, ecological dominance and community dominance in gap are smaller than those in non- gap stand significantly. It suggests that species diversity of the community increases and community stability decreases due to the existence of gap formed by natural or man-made disturbance. The whole forest community is in typical metastability state. 3. The gap-phase trees replacement was studied in a secondary conifer-broad-leaved mixed forest distributed densely in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing. And the succession tendency of gaps in the type of forest was predicted. The results show that the pious massoniana population performs intensively reciprocal replacement pattern. Gordonia acuminata , Symplocos setchuanensis and the other evergreen broad-leaved tree species display both self replacement and reciprocal replacement patterns. The current trees replacement process in gaps does not act to maintain the current community composition. The analysis of Markov transition martrix shows that the pious massoniana population will lose its predominant position in the future composition of the forest canopy. The whole community is in the succession process from the conifer-broadleaved mixed forest to the evergreen broad-leaved forest.更多还原