【作者】 吴淼；

【导师】 吴毅；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以个案为表达方式，运用访谈、问卷和文献资料等方法，从规划性社会变迁这一视角，切入中国农村政治研究。在文中，笔者不仅描述了B村第四次村委会换届选举——“海选”规则的进入路径和程序，选举的实践过程和最终结果，还明确指出：目前的村委会选举，以及村庄权力的配置是人治传统和民主规则二重逻辑相互博弈的结果，而且这种博弈是不均衡的。人治规则，往往在整个过程中占居主导地位，民主规则只能在狭窄的空间内寻求生存。政府和村庄的权力机关不仅能够对选举规则和程序进行有利于他们的修改，而且对选举的最终结果还能继续变通；村民在整个选举过程中是消极和悄无声息的，却并非盲目和无意志，他们默默地运用选票这一“秘密武器”与政府和村庄治理精英讨价还价，在一定程度上使主事者对选举的操纵显得力不从心。 农村选举中的这种景观，除了其发生逻辑外，主要是由目前农村的社会性状决定的。首先，村庄的开放性和利益的外部化，使村民与村庄的经济纽带松解，村民缺乏参与村庄政治活动的动力。其次，在市场经济条件下，村民发生了急剧的分化和分层，不同层次的村民与村庄有不同的利益关联，由此决定了他们在村庄公共事务中的地位和对选举的期望。但从总体上看，村庄没能培育出推动民主选举制度的力量。第三，村庄权力的集中和行政化，不仅为政府和村庄治理精英操纵选举提供了理由和方便，也使村民在面对村庄公共权力及其更替时显得无能为力而漠不关心。 在对B村第四次村委会选举这一个案考察基础上，笔者对目前中国农村政治的相关问题进行了探讨，得出如下结论：第一，村民自治开启了新一轮以制度变迁来推进中国农村民主化的进程，但是目前农村急待解决的是各种制度的落实，而不是一味的制度创新。第二，改革开放以来，中国选择了以民主化来推动政治发展的策略，这是一条不归之路，其成效决定于农村公共权力的职能转换和法治社会的到来。第三，中国农村一直实行的是规划性社会变迁，这是无法选择的发展战略，但其效益问题长期未得到有效的解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract By the approach of case, the author involves in the rural politics study in China from the vision of planned society change, by means of visitation, paper and document materials .In this paper, the author not only has described the fourth election for changing villagers?committee of the village B, but also has pointed out that the bargaining between the tradition of ruling by person and the law of democracy, leads to the allocation of village抯 power and the election for committee at present, what抯 more ,the game is not balanceable . The law of ruling by person often leads the whole process, only leaving a small corner for the law of democracy Except for its logic of coming into being the wonder in the election of the village, mainly results from the social quality of the countryside at present .At first, the village has opened to outer, and villagers have got their profit from outer to great degree, which has loosened the relation of economic between villagers and village, so villagers are lack of incentive to participate in political activity of village. Secondly, villagers in market economy are so sharply split up that the relation of interest with the villages is different among different grades, which has determined their expectations of election and their roles in public services of village. But viewing from the whole, the force promoting the democracy regulation of election hasn抰 come into being the country. Thirdly, the centralization and administration of village抯 power, not only makes it convenient for government and managing elites of village to control election, but also makes villagers indifferent towards public power of village and its change, feeling unable. On the base of studying the case, the fourth election for villagers?committee in village B, the author have had some thoughts about rural politics in China at present, then have drawn some conclusions as follows: firstly, a new process has begun from autonomy of villagers, in which rural democracy of China is promoted by means of changing regulation. But at present, it is very urgent to execute every lying regulations in Chinese country, not to simply create new regulations. Secondly, since reform and opening, China has chosen the policy promoting the development of politics by democracy, whose effect depends on the change of rural public power and the coming of the society ruled by law. Thirdly, in China rural, society change is always planned, which is out of choice, but the problem of efficiency hasn抰 been solved yet for a long time更多还原