【作者】 盛桂莲；

【导师】 李文新；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 植物学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从诱导分离及活性测试的角度对植物体内天然存在及诱导生成的活性物质进行了初步研究。 在植物体内天然存在的活性物质研究中，作者以黄果茄未成熟果实为实验材料，粉碎后分别用水和有机溶剂抽提分离，详细地观察测试了各粗提物对靶标生物——湖北钉螺（日本血吸虫的中间宿主）的杀灭效果。其中有机溶剂粗提物在室温条件下对成螺浸杀24、48、72h的LC₅₀分别为0.621、0.322、0.181mg.1^-1；对不同螺龄幼螺及螺卵也有很好的浸杀效果：对螺龄为ld和60d的幼螺浸杀12、24、36h的LC₅₀分别为0.375、0.249、0.137mg.1^-1和0.446、0.262、0.129mg.1^-1，浓度为0.54mg.1^-1浸杀48h时，螺龄为ld的螺卵孵出率即为0。进一步跟踪分析粗提物中的有效成分，改变洗脱剂和展层剂的极性和配比对粗提物进行了CLC、TLC等分离纯化，得到TLC结果显示R_f值不同的三种纯化样品，浓度为15ppm时，浸杀成螺72h的死亡率分别为86.2％、96.6％、91.7％。 在活性物质诱导生成方面，先以美人蕉叶片、湿地松松针为实验材料，设定时间梯度用UV照射以上离体组织并经条件培养和提取分离后对提取物进行HPLC检测，探索了UV对植物体内防御性化合物生成的诱导作用及UV照射时间对防御性化合物生成量的影响；接着以“鄂宜105”水稻为实验材料，用10^-6mol.1^-1人工合成寡糖作为诱导子喷雾离体水稻叶片，条件培养，观察了离体组织褐变反应；经有机溶剂提取和CLC、TLC分离纯化、GC-MS检测后发现经寡糖处理的水稻叶片中生成了多种防御性化合物，其中包括己知的由病原菌侵染生成的Lactone类水稻PA——MA，说明寡糖可起类似于病原菌的作用，诱导植物体内PA的生成，提高植物的抗病性，同时也说明了寡糖作为新型绿色农药的现实可能性。为了检测信号分子SA在PA生成中的作用，作者用人工合成寡糖和相应的病原菌（稻瘟菌、白叶枯病菌、棉黄萎病菌）分别处理离体健康的水稻、小麦及棉花叶片，条件培养，抽提分离后，定性检测结果说明处理样品中SA的含量明显增加，预示了SA含量的增加与PA的生成之间的相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation, two facets of the active compounds in the plant tissues were studied initally, one is the natural existed compounds, and the other is the induced compounds. For the first facet, the unwrapped fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum Schard.et Wend! were extracted with water and organic solvents, and the effect of the crude extract to Oncomelania hupensis were tested with details. The LC5O of the extracts of organic solvents to grow-up snails were 0.621. 0.322.. 0.181 mg. F?when the soaking time were designed to 24. 48. 72h,and the extracts could kill the immature snails and eggs effectively,too. The LC5O was 0.375. 0.249. 0.137mg . F?and 0.446-.. 0.262 0.129mg. F?to the 1-day-old and 60-day-old immature snails when they were soaked for 12. 24-. 36h;The incubating rate was reduced to 0 when the 1-day-old eggs were soaked for 48h and with concentration of 0.54 mg . F? The crude extracts were isolated and purified by CLC,TLC in order to track the active component by changing the component of solvents. Then, three kind of samples with different RI values were gained, their mortality rate to grow-up snails were 86.2%,96.6%,91 .7% when the concentration were reduced to 1 Sppm. For the later facet, the leaves of Canna generalis Bailey and Canna generalis Bailey were treated with UV to study the feasibility for UV as the elicitor of the production of active compounds in plants at first .Then,the fresh rice leaves in vitro of扙yi 1 05攙ariety were treated with the water solution of synthetic oligosaccharide at the concentration of 10~mol. ~ materials were incubated for 72h,and then extracted by organic solvents and purified by CLC-..TLC,and determined by GC-MS. The results should that MA were induced in the treated leaves. The fresh leaves of flee. .. wheat and cotton in vitro were treated with the solution of synthetic. oligosaccharide in order to detect the role of Salicylic acid (SA) in the production of PA.After extracted and purified, it can be determined that high level of SA was relevant to the production of PA.更多还原