【作者】 彭海；

【导师】 汪旭东； 吴先军； 周开达；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 水稻育种需要大量的时间、人力和物力，因此缩短育种年限、提高育种效率、减少育种中人力和物力的消耗一直是育种家所追求的目标。四川农业大学水稻研究所利用多胚苗基础群体中所突变的多倍体与普通的二倍体杂交在F₂获得了稳定的群体，表明存在早代稳定的现象。本研究旨在：①采用具有早代稳定特性的二倍体材料429、430、D优19等与普通的二倍体杂交并检测后代的稳定性；②采用多胚苗基础群体中所突变的多倍体SAR-5与普通的二倍体杂交并检测后代的稳定特性；③检测多胚苗基础群体中所突变的多倍体与对应的二倍体植株的SSR标记差异。所得的结果如下： ①D优19与普通二倍体浙优15杂交F₁在双亲有差异的SSR标记上表现为纯合，并且除第一号和第三号染色体上只有父本和母本之一的标记外，其余的染色体上都同时分布有父本和母本的标记，表明所获得的后代为一真正的杂种。F₂和F₃统计分析表明其是稳定的，SSR标记分析表明群体带是纯合一致的。 ②429、430与普通的二倍体杂交的统计分析表明：F₁群体稳定；F₂和F₃群体表现为分离。其SSR标记分析表明：在双亲有差异的引物上，F₁群体杂合；F₂和F₃群体分离且符合孟德尔分离规律。综合以上表明其杂交后代为普通杂种，无早代稳定的特性。 ③SAR-5的花粉育性低，与二倍体的正反交都很困难，在与二倍体杂交所获得的105个后代植株中，只获得了一株二倍体，其组合为SAR-5×生47，经统计分析和SSR标记分析证明其为一普通的杂种，无早代稳定的特性。 ④利用SSR对所获得的32对多倍体—二倍体多胚苗进行分析，在区号为3038的一对三倍体—二倍体多胚苗植株上，用引物RM43分析获得了一差异，经查该引物位于第一染色体的着丝粒附近。更多还原

【Abstract】 ABATRACT It will spend much time, manpower and material in breeding. So it is always the aim to shorten the time and spare manpower and material in breeding. Researchers in Rice Research Institue of Sichuan Agriculture University made use of polyloids, derived from twin-seedling of SAR series, to cross with some common diploids. And some stable progenies were obtained in F2. Therefore, those special rice materials are characteristic of stabilizing in early generation. This research aimed at: ~D To make cross between SAR-5, which derived from twin-seedling, and common dipliods then test the stability of its progeny. ?To make cross between 429, 430 and D-youl9, which were progenies proved to be stable in early generation, and common dopliods, then test the stability of their progenies. ?To test the polymorphism of dipliod-polyploid twin-shoots by SSR. The main results are as following: ?The F1 of the cross D-youl9XZheyoul5 was checked by SSR. The amplified F1 fragments were homologous. And all the chromosomes of rice except No.1 and No.3 distributed both bands of parents. So the progeny was a true-hybrid. Statistics analysis revealed that F2 and F3 populations were uniform. SSR analysis also confirmed all the F, and F3 individuals had no herterozygote bands. ~ The statistics analysis for the cross of 429 and 430 X common dipliods revealed that F1 populations were uniform but F2 , F3 were not; SSR analysis showed heterozygosis of F1 population and 慚endel?segregation ratio for F2 and F2 populations. So the hybrid progenies were common ones without the character of stabilizing in early generations. ㏒AR-5 has a very low pollen stainability and was very difficult to hybrid with diploids. In 105 progenies of the cross SAR-5 X diploids, only one was diploid, which combination was SAR-5 X Shen47. Statistic and SSR analysis revealed it was a common one without special character for stability. ?32 pairs of polyploid-diploid twin-seedling were analysed by SSR. The primer RM43, which located at the locus to the centromere of chromosome 1, showed polymorphism for twin-seedling of strain 3038.更多还原