【作者】 任旭琴；

【导师】 王秋玉； 姜静；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究对东北地区8个红皮云杉种源的遗传多样性进行了随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）研究，通过Popgen32软件对RAPD的扩增谱带进行分析，得出以下结果： （1）利用12个引物对8个种源的80个个体进行RAPD分析，共检测到171个位 点，其中126个是多态位点，多态位点百分比达到73.68％。各种源间多态位 点百分比变化范围为35.09-45.03％，其中多态位点百分比最高的是大丰种源， 最低的是桦楠种源。 （2）通过Nei指数和Shannon指数估算种源的遗传变异发现：大丰种源的遗传变 异最大，桦楠种源的遗传变异最小。种源间有较大的遗传分化，遗传分化值 达到57.74％，种源内个体间的遗传分化值为42.26％。这主要是由于红皮云杉 所处的地理环境限制和种源间的交配状况所至。 （3）通过遗传距离矩阵聚类分析，将8个种源划分为三类：天桥岭、穆棱种源为 第1类；柴河、桦楠为第2类；大丰、乌伊岭、爱辉和高峰为第3类。从分 子水平对红皮云杉不同种源的亲缘关系及其起源作出推断。 （4）遗传距离与地理距离之间存在显著的正相关。证明地理环境是决定各种源遗 传组成的重要因素。 利用分子手段对林木种源遗传变异和亲缘关系进行研究，为红皮云杉遗传多样性的保护以及保护策略的制定提供了科学的依据，也为东北地区红皮云杉育种造林提供了一个有价值的参考，同时为森林遗传理论研究与林木育种相结合探索了一条新路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract This paper mainly studies the genetic diversity of provenances of Picea Koraiensis Nakai located in northeast part of China. The results got by Popgen32 show as follows: (1) 12 primers are used to analyze the genetic diversity of 8 provenances of Picea koraiensis using RAPD markers. 171 loci are detected in total, among which there are 126 polymorphic loci. The percentage of polymorphic loci is 73.68%. The percentage of polymorphic loci among different provenances varies from 35.09% to 45.03%. The percentage of polymorphic loci of DaFeng provenance is the highest, and that of HuaNan provenance is the lowest, also the same results got by Nei index and Shannon index. (2) The genetic differentiation among provenances is larger than that among individuals within a provenance. The value of genetic differentiation among provenances is 57.74%, and that among individuals reaches 42.26%. (3) Dendrogram of genetic relationship among provenances is constructed on the basis of genetic distances. The result demonstrates that 8 provenances are clustered into 3 groups. The first group is TianQiaoling and MuLing provenances. The second group is composed of ChaiHe and HuaNan provenances, and the last one includes DaFeng.. WuYiling~. AiHui and GaoFeng provenances. The dendrogram provides the molecular basis for probing into the provenance origin and the genetic relationship among provenances.. (4) It shows significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. It presents the geographical factors and mating situation among the provenances take an important part in affecting the populations genetic constitute. This study will provide scientific evidence for establishing the preservation strategy and protecting of the genetic diversity of Picea koraiensis. It will give useful help to spruce breeding and forestation in northeast part of China.更多还原