【作者】 郑国强；

【导师】 项存悌；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文应用森林病理学原理，通过组织分离、室内外接种试验、孢子捕捉和固定样地病情指数连续调查和损失估测等方法，对樟子松枯梢病的侵染和流行规律进行了研究，为此病的有效防治提供了理论依据。 樟子松枯梢病是一种寄主主导性病害。病原菌即可在樟子松病树的叶、芽、枯枝、当年生和多年生种鳞上越冬，又可在健树的叶、芽、枝和当年生种鳞上越冬，具有潜伏侵染现象。种子不带菌，不能传播松枯梢病。初次侵染源主要来自前一年的病树上飞散出来的分生孢子，借风和雨水传播，可通过无伤和伤口侵入当年生嫩梢和针叶，也可通过气孔侵入寄主，无伤接种时不能侵入老化的梢部组织。其潜育期7～13d，繁殖期23～28d。 分生孢子萌发的温度范围为5～35℃、萌发最适温度为25℃、萌发最适湿度100％。在PDA培养基上，有散光和常温条件下可产生分生孢子器和分生孢子。孢子飞散于5月初，病害在6月中旬和6月下旬开始，7月下旬至8月中旬为发病高峰，9月中旬为病害的终止期。 建立了病害发生的短期测报模型和材积损失率估测模型，确定了病害的防治指标和经济阈值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The infection and epidemiology of shoot blight of pinus sylvestris are studied by the forest pathology principle and by the methods of tissue separation, in and out chamber inoculation experiment, catching spore and sequent observation of disease state index on fixed sample area and so on, ultimately, we provide theory base for erncient control of this disease. Shoot blight of pinus sylvestris is a kind of host major disease. Isolates of sphaeropsis sapinea infect and survive in leaves, buds, branches, first year seed cones and many year seed cones on health and disease pinus sylvestris, which can lurk and communicate. However, the seeds of pinus sylvestris can抰 spread this disease because they don抰 carry disease. First infection source of disease is mainly spore, spreading by wind and rain, which flew off from the leaves and branch of the disease pinus sylvestris on last year, moreover it can communicate the same year burgeon, leaf and stoma; but it can抰 infect the old tissue when injecting without wound. Latent growth phase of isolates is 7-13 days; Idiophase of isolates is 23-28 days. Temperature rang of the Isolates of sphaeropsis sapinea is $-35C when it bourgeon, grow best on the condition of 25 揅 and 100% relative humidity; it can produce spore and spore apparatus under the condition of PDA substrate, astigmatism and normal temperature. Spore is dispersed at beginning of May, start to infect on the middle and last ten-day of June, reach the maximum of infection on the last ten-day of July and the middle ten-day of August and stop infection on the middle ten-day of September. Short term forecast model of disease development and wood loss rate are built. Control guideline and economic threshold value are decided.更多还原