【作者】 张传胜；

【导师】 王余龙；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 在盆栽条件下，以不同年代、不同产地的46个籼型水稻品种（组合）为供试材料，对其产量、产量构成因素、物质生产及经济系数、养分吸收、根系有关形态性状及生理活性的差异及其相互关系进行了研究，结果表明： （1）品种间地上部性状的最大值与最小值比值变幅为1.48-5.40倍，以抽穗后干物质积累量的差异最大，依次为生物产量、抽穗前干物质积累量、每穗颖花数、产量、总颖花数、库容量、有效穗数、经济系数、千粒重、结实率。 （2）品种间根系性状的最大值与最小值比值变幅为1.43-15.82倍，以颖花根活量的差异最大，依次为根干重、不定根总长、不定根数、根系活跃吸收面积、根系总活性、单位长度根重、每条不定根重、单位干重根系活性、根冠长比、每条不定根长、根冠重比、每条不定根粗、众数根长、最长根长。 （3）品种间养分吸收各性状最大值与最小值比值的变幅为1.50-3.82倍，以钾素总积累量的差异最大，依次为抽穗前钾素积累量、抽穗前磷素积累量、磷素总积累量、抽穗前氮素积累量、氮素总积累量、成熟期含氮率、抽穗期含氮率、抽穗期含钾率、成熟期含磷率、成熟期含钾率、抽穗期含磷率。 （4）籼型高产水稻品种的地上部特征为库容量大、结实率高、抽穗后物质生产量多、经济系数高；养分吸收特征为氮、磷、钾总吸收量多、抽穗后氮素吸收量大；地下部特征为不定根数多、不定根总长长、根干重大、根系总活性高，根系活跃吸收面积大。 （5）库容量、结实率、每穗颖花数、总颖花数、千粒重与产量均呈显著或极显著正相关；库容量与结实率是决定籼稻品种产量的主要因素，库容量主要决定于每穗颖花数。 （6）生物产量是左右产量的主要因素，抽穗前物质生产量和抽穗后物质生产量有同等重要的作用；增加抽穗前物质生产量可提高每穗颖花数、总颖花 张传胜 沏型水稻品种有关性状的差异及其与产量的关系数，扩大库容量，从而提高产量；增加抽穗后物质生产量主要通过提高结实率和千粒重来提高产量。 m抽穗前氮、磷、钾素吸收量促进了每租颖花数，扩大库容量，提高产量；抽穗后养分吸收量通过提高结实率和千粒重，从而提高产量。抽穗前养分吸收量促进抽穗前物质生产，抽穗后养分吸收量促进抽穗后物质生产。 O）根于重、根系总活性、每条不定根重、单位长度不定根重、根系活跃吸收面积及根系总吸收面积与产量呈极显著线性正相关，不定根数、不定根总长与产量呈显著线性正相关。这些根系性状对产量的影响，主要是通过氮、磷、钾养分的吸收，从而增加物质生产量来实现的。更多还原

【Abstract】 2001 ~眫{~Li~ Study on Genotypic Differences of the Characteristics and Their Relation with Yield of Indica Rice (Oryza Sativa.L.) Postgraduate: Zhang Chuansheng Supervisor: Professor Wang Yulong (AgrLcolL, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009) Abstract 46 Indica rice cultivars and hybrid combinations were employed in pot experiment to investigate genotype differences of aboveground and root? characteristics and their relation to grain yield.The results showed as follows: a.The upland and root characters had significantly genotypic differences,the ratio of the maximum to minimum of upland characteristics varied from 1.48 to 1O.6.Dry matter production after heading stage was at the most,then biomass,dry matter production before heading stage,the spiklet number per panicle,yield,the total spiklets,the sink capacity,the panicle number,economic coefficient,1000 grain weight,the filled spikelets percentage by decreasing b.The ratio of the maximum to minimum of root characteristics varied from 1.43-15.82,root activity per spikelet possessed was at the most,then the root dry weight,the total length of adventitious root,the number of adventitious root,the actively uptaking area of root,the total activity of roots, weight per unit of adventitious root, dry weight per adventitious root, activity per unit of root wight,length per adventitious root, the ratio of the maximal length of adventitious to plant high,root the ratio of root dry weight to upland matter dry weight,the diameter of adventitious root,mode root length,maxiznal root length In decreasing. c.The ratio of maximum to minimum of nutrition uptaking characteristics varied from 1.50-3.82,the tatal amount of potassium accumulated was at the most ,then the amount of potassium accumulated before heading,the amount of phosphorus accumulated befor headiug,the total amount of phosphorus accumulated,the amount of nitrogen accumulated before heading,the total amount of nitrogen accumulated,nitrogen content at ripening stage,nitrogen content at heading stage,potassium content at heading stage,phosphorus content at riening 75 stage,potassium content at ripening stage,phosphorus content at heading stage in decreasing. d.High yield indica rice varieties possessed larger sink capcity,higher filled spikelets percentage,larger dry matter acciuuulated after beading stage,higher economic coefficient,larger amount of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium accumulated and amount of nitrogen accumulated after heading stage;larger number,total length and weigh of adventitious root,higher total activity and actively uptaking area of root than those of low yield varieties. e.The grain yield were significantly positively correlated with the sink capcity, the filled spikelets percentage,the spiklet number per panicle,total V spildets,l000grain weight.sink capcity and the filled spikelets percentage were main factors affecting the grain yield,sink capcity depended on the spildet number per panicle. f.Biomass was the main factor affecting the grain yield.the dry matter production of the population before and after heading had the same更多还原