【作者】 吕修涛；

【导师】 张洪程； 戴其根；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以早熟晚粳武941为供试材料，设置了亩栽1.5万穴（2本）条件下，一生总施氮15Kg/亩，前期与中后期施氮比例为2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3，共6个处理，各处理中后期追肥分三种，即叶龄余数5、3两次均等追肥，叶龄余数4、2两次均等追肥，叶龄余数5、4、3、2、1五次均等追肥；同时设置了只有前期施氮、中后期不追氮及空白不施氮处理，以一生总施氮分别为15Kg/亩、20Kg/亩的常规施氮作为对照（基蘖肥：穗肥为6∶4），研究了不同氮肥运筹处理对水稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用的影响，结果表明： （1）前期与中后期施氮配比处理产量顺序为4∶6＞5∶5＞6∶4＞7∶3＞3∶7＞2∶8，4∶6～5∶5最利于形成高产。前、中后期施氮比例一定的情况下，2∶8处理产量顺序为叶龄余数5、4、3、2、1分五次追肥＞叶龄余数5、3分两次追肥＞叶龄余数4、2追肥，其它配比处理中后期不同叶龄期追肥产量顺序为：叶龄余数5、3分两次追肥＞叶龄余数5、4、3、2、1分五次追肥＞叶龄余数4、2追肥。 （2）前期与中后期氮肥比例4∶6～5∶5，配合叶龄余数5、3两次追肥，亩穗数可达19～20万，穗粒数在150粒以上，总颖花量超2850万，亩产达700Kg。 （3）前期与中后期施氮比例2∶8、3∶7的处理，高峰苗数多，出现的时间迟（拔节后1周左右），成穗率低；6∶4、7∶3的处理高峰苗数多，出现的时间早，成穗率亦不高；4∶6、5∶5的处理高峰苗数少，成穗率高。氮肥运筹 扬州大学2001届硕士研究生学位论文对MI影响最突出表现在最大M1出现的早迟及大小。2：8的处理最大＊I推迟到抽穗期。4：6、5：5两处理在孕穗期达到适宜的LAI。抽穗后茎叶干物质运转率与产量呈极显著的抛物线关系，当运转率为18．7％时产量最高。前期施氮占总施氮比例与茎叶运转率呈抛物线关系，前、中后期施氮比例为4：6、5：5的茎叶干物质运转率较高，分别为19．8％、21．1％。 （4）前期与中后期不同施氮比例处理的植株含氮率动态的特征为2：8、3：7的处理呈双峰曲线，且两个高峰的峰值大小接近，但都不高；4：6、5：5的处理亦呈双峰曲线，但第一个峰的值明显高第二个峰的值；6：4、7：3的处理含氮率只出现一个高峰。 u）4：6处理总吸氮量最高，平均为13．26吨／亩，5：5的处理较为接近，为13．07Kg／亩，各处理总吸氮量的顺序为4：6＞5：5＞3：7＞2：8＞6：4＞7：3。移栽～拔节、拔节～抽穗、抽穗～成熟的吸氮量占总吸氮量的比例，2：8、3：了的处理约为3％、50％、20％，4：6、5：5的处理约为35％、45％、20％，6：4、7：3的处理约为40％、40％、20％。 （6）前期施氮占总施氮的比例与氮利用率间呈显著的抛物线关系，当前期施氮占总施氮的43．4％时，氮利用率最高，为44．7％，即前、中后期施氮比例在4：6～5：5之间氮利用率高。而前期、中后期氮利用率都有一个适宜值，过高过低，一生总的氮利用率并不高，前期氮利用率适宜在20～25％之间，中后期氮利用率的适宜值在65～7the之间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effect of nitrogen application on the development of rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization (agr ic. coil. Yangzhou university. Yangzhou 225009) postgraduate: Lu xiutao supervisor Professor: Zhang Hongchen A. professor: Dai Qigeng ABSTRACT The study takes early maturing late japonica variety wu 941 as test materials. Under the condition of the 1.5 X I O4hills /mu and the total applied nitrogen amount of 15 Kg/mu in the all growth stage, nitrogen applied at the earlier and middle-later stages respectively in a ratio of 2:8, 3:7 ,4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3.Every treatment has 3 kinds of fertilizer applied method in the middle and late period: fertilizer applied equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium number 5, 3, fertilizer applied equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium number 4, 2, and fertilizer applied equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium number 5, 4, 3, 2, I .And the treatment of fertilizer applied only at earlier stage and the treatment of no fertilization was Set. The contrast was the treatments of appling nitrogen normally at the total applied nitrogen amount of 15 Kg/mu, 20 Kg/mu (the ratio of basal and tiller fertilizer and spike fertilizer was 6:4). Effect of different nitrogen application on the development of rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization was studied. The main results were as follows: (1) The sequence of yield in different nitrogen proportion treatments was 4:6> 5:5> 6:4> 7:3> 3:7> 2:8.The ratio from 4:6 to 5:5 was benefit to the development of high yield. When nitrogen applied at the earlier and middle-later stages respectively in a ratio of 2:8, the sequence of yield was the treatment of applying nitrogen equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium number 5, 4, 3, 2, 1> the treatment of applying nitrogen equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium numberS, 3 > the treatment of applying nitrogen equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium number 4, 2. While when nitrogen applied in other proportion, the sequence of yield was the treatment of applying fertilizer equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium number 5, 3 > the treatment of applying fertilizer equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium number 5, 4, 3, 2, 1> the treatment of applying fertilizer equally in the stages of remaining leaf primordium number 4, 2. (2) If nitrogen applied at the earlier and middle-later stages respectively in a ratio from 4:6 to 5:5,and if fertilizer applied at middle-later stage devided equally at the stages of remaining leaf primordium numberS and 3, the treatment could reach 19X l04-20X 104 ear - 53 - ~+Lk~ 2001 眫)F~i~ number per mu, above 150 grains per spike, above 2850 X 104 spikelets, and 700 Kg yield per mu. (3) The treatment 2:8 and treatment 3:7 had greater maximum of tillers and lower spike rate. The treatment 6:4 and the treatment 7:3 also had greater maximum of tillers and lower spike rate, but the maximum of tillers appeared earlier than that of the treatment 2:8 and treatment 3:7. The treatment 4:6 and the treatment 5:5 had smaller maximum of tillers and higher spike rate. Maximum of LAI of the treatment 2:8 appeared at heading stage. While that of the treatment 4:6 and the tr更多还原