【作者】 盛婧；

【导师】 封超年； 郭文善； 彭永欣；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于1998-2000年在扬州大学农业部作物栽培生理重点开放实验室试验场进行，主要研究了小麦一生内源激素含量变化动态及其平衡关系，分析了内源激素与小麦籽粒发育和充实的关系，并结合外源激素的调节效应探讨了植物激素对小麦籽粒发育和充实影响的生理机制。主要结果如下：1．小麦一生中内源激素含量变化 穗分化期间GA含量的变化动态为：幼穗中含量在生长锥伸长期至小花分化期呈上升的趋势，小花分化期达峰值后急剧下降，雌雄蕊原基分化期至孕穗期变化比较平稳。籽粒形成期间剑叶和籽粒中GA含量的变化均为一单峰曲线：剑叶含量在孕穗期至开花期变化比较平稳，开花后急剧上升，花后7天达峰值，之后逐渐下降；籽粒中不同处理含量变化趋势基本一致，但峰值出现时间存在差异，适播处理峰值出现在花后21天，而晚播处理则出现在花后14天。 幼穗中IPA、ZR含量在单棱期至小花原基分化期较低，小花原基分化期后急剧增加，并于雌雄蕊原基分化期达到峰值而后下降。剑叶中IPA、ZR含量花后7天较开花期有所上升，花后7天至21天急剧下降，21天后变化比较平稳。籽粒中ZR、IPA含量花后7天后呈持续下降的趋势。 幼穗中ABA含量变化呈高、低、高的趋势，生长锥伸长期较高，单棱期含量出现谷值，之后稳步上升，直至孕穗期含量出现峰值。剑叶中ABA含量在前期表现为随生育进程逐渐增加的趋势，但至成熟期含量急剧下降。籽粒中含量变化三 扬州大学硕士学位论文与剑叶中基本一致。 穗部IAA含量在穗分化前期含量较低，小花分化期至雌雄蕊原基分化期迅速上升，之后急速回落。籽粒中IAA含量均在花后14天达到最大值，之后含量逐渐下降。2．激素与小麦籽粒发育和充实的关系 ＊）内源激素与叶片生长的关系 同一时期不同功能叶片中GA、IPA、ZR含量差异不显著。不同功能叶片之间ABA含量差异较大。生长锥伸长期ABA具有延缓衰老作用，含量表现为倒二叶＞倒三叶；而二棱后期至孕穗期朋A含量升高则与叶片衰老同步，表现为倒四叶＞倒三叶）倒二叶＞倒一叶。 C）内源激素与穗分化的关系 单棱期幼穗中GA含量高，小穗分化数多，GA从BA比值与小穗分化数相关密切，较高的GA含量有利于小穗的分化。雌雄蕊原基分化期幼穗中ZR和IPA含量高，小花分化数多，较高的ZR和IPA含量有利于小花分化。而孕穗期ABA含量高，可孕小花数少，ZR／IAA、IPA／ABA含量与可孕小花数相关密切，相对较低的IAA、ABA含量有利于提高小花的育性。＊）内源激素与籽粒发育的关系 IAA、IPA、ZR参与胚乳细胞的发育，其含量与胚乳细胞数显著相关。GA参与籽粒灌浆过程，其变化过程与鲜重增加速率变化过程基本一致。ABA含量与灌浆速率关系密切。GA对籽粒灌浆的促进是通过酸性蔗糖转化酶促进蔗糖向淀粉转化，I从而增加同化物向籽粒运输。 （4）外源激素的调控效应 喷施外源激素，对植株株型和产量的形成产生明显的效应。不同激素在不同生长时期以不同浓度施用，调控作用不同。4／0叶期喷施的四种外源激素（IAA、GA、6．BA、ABA）中以 GA对叶片伸长的效应最大，但效应期过后，GA明显地抑制植株基部节间的伸长。4／0叶期四种外源激素主要影响最终成穗数。7／0叶期喷施IAA、GA、6EA对节间的调控效应不明显，ABA对节间伸长的促进效应随 盛靖：小麦内源激素与籽粒发育和充实关系的研究Z浓度增加而消失。7／0叶期喷施激素对每穗粒数影响显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 ~: 慗拁-~~~ STUDIES ON RELATIONSHIP OF ENDOGENOUS HORMONES TO GRAIN DEVELOPMENT ANII) FILLING IN WHEAT Postgraduate: Sheng Jing Supervisor: Prof Feng Chaon Ian & Prof Guo Wenshan &Prof Peng Yongxin (Agric. Coil., Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009) ABSTRACT The relationship of endogenous hormones to grain development and filling was analysed, dynamic changes in endogenous hormone content and their proportions and physiological mechanism were studied in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the Experimental Field of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Key Laboratory, Yangzhou University from 1998 to 2000. The major results could be concluded as follows: 1. The dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content in wheat During spike differentiation, GA content in young ear was increased from elongation to floret primordium formation, then declined sharply, and changed relatively steadily from pistil and stamen primordiuxn formation to booting stage. Change of GA content in flag leaves and grains was showed as a characteristic curve with a single peak: GA content in flag leaves changed relatively steadily from booting to anthesis, then increased sharply and reached peak value at the 7th day past anthesis(DPA) and then began to decline. GA content in grains for different treatments had the similar change tendency, but the peak time appeared at the 21St DPA for optimal sowing treatment, and at the 14th DPA for late sowing treatment. IPA and ZR content in young ear was relatively low from single-ridge to floret 40 primordium formation, then increased sharply and reached peak value at pistil and stamen primordiuni formation and then began to decline. WA and ZR content in flag leaves increased till the 7th DPA to reach the maximum value, and declined quickly from the 7th DPA to the 21st DPA, and then changed relatively steadily. ZR and WA content m grain declined continuously the 7th DPA after. The change of ABA content in the young ear was high at elongation, and low at single-ridge, then increased steadily and reached peak value at booting stage. ABA content in flag leaves was increased continuously till anthesis and declined quickly from anthesis to mature. Dynamic change of ABA content in grains was resembled to that in flag leaves. IAA content in young ear was relatively low in the early stage of spike differentiation, and rise rapidly from floret primordium formation to pistil and stamen primordiuni, then declined sharply. IAA content in grain reached the peak at the 14th DPA, then declined. 2. Relationship between hormone and grain development and filling (1 )Relationship between endogenous hormone and leaf growth GA, WA and ZR content had no difference in different functional leaves of the same period. But there existed significant difference in ABA content. ABA could delay leaf senescence in early stage. At elongation, ABA content of the top 2 leaf was higher than that of the top 3 leaf. From late double-ridge to booting ABA content was the top 4 leaf> the top 3 leaf> the top 2 leaf> the top 1 leaf. Increase of ABA content was synchronized with leaf senescence. (2)Relationship betw更多还原