【作者】 杜鹃；

【导师】 王惠珍； 唐人成；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对聚氨基甲酸酯弹性纤维的中性、弱酸性、分散活性染料的染色性能进行系统染色试验。一般分散染料和1:2金属络合染料中性染料的染色性能优良，部分弱酸性染料次之，活性染料染色性差。探讨了分散、中性、弱酸性染料的分子结构与聚氨酯弹性纤维染色性的关系，指出具有类似结构的染料，随着无机性/有机性比值（IOB值）降低，即疏水性增加，上染率呈提高趋势。其中适宜于聚氨酯弹性染色的分散染料的IOB值在0.55-0.98范围内，以偶氮苯结构的染料上染色性最好，中性染料的IOB值一般为1.5-2.0，其染色性优良；IOB值在1.85-2.78之间的弱酸性染料，其上染率相对较好，以三芳甲烷类染料染色性最好。对于影响聚氨酯弹性纤维染色的染色pH值、染浴温度、时间等工艺参数进行了系统研究。聚氨基甲酸酯纤维的中性染料染色，可控制pH值为4，温度在70-80℃条件下染色40min-60min，弱酸性染料可采用pH值为4，温度在95-100℃条件下染色60min-90min，并可加入10-20g/l中性盐促染。分散染料宜在PH值为5-6，温度为95-100℃的条件下染色40min-80min。 此外，本文重点从染色热力学和动力学角度深入探讨了中性、分散染料对聚氨酯弹性纤维的染色原理。1:2金属络合物的中性染料在聚氨酯弹性纤维上的吸附表现为二元吸附特征。即Langmiur型和Nernst型吸附同时存在，并且表明，染料主要以静电引力、范德华力及氢键染着纤维。染料的I0B值降低，Nernst吸附贡献增大，亲和力提高，上染率明显提高，分散染料主要表现Nernst分配型吸附特征，染料是通过氢键、范德华力，特别是色散力和聚氨酯纤维相结合。亦在随着染料IOB值降低，亲和力略有提高，中性、分散染料在聚氨酯弹性纤维中的扩散能阻比类似染色体系的小，而且中性染料的扩散系数随染料疏水性的提高而增大，分子量影响小，而分散染料的分子量和亲和力对扩散系数影响较小。最后探索了聚氨酯弹性纤维大分子中端氨基（-NH₂）存在的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dyeing behaviors of neutral~ weak acid ~. disperse -. reactive dyes for polyurethane fibers were determined. In general, the exhaustion rates of disperse dyes and 1:2 metal complexes are higher than the others. Some acid dyes take the second place. The dyeing behavior of the reactive dyes is very poor. The relationship between the structures of neutral, weak acid, disperse dyes and their dyeing behaviors is investigated. It抯 found out that there is a tendency that the exhaustion rates of the dyes with the similar chemical structures increase with the decrease in their JOB (inorganic organic balance) value or the increase in their hydrophobicity. The dyeing behaviors of disperse azobenzene dyes are the best. The JOB values of the disperse dyes whose JOB value range from 0.55 to 0.98 exhibit good dyeing behaviors for polyurethane fibers. The JOB values of the neutral dyes whose dyeing behaviors are good are in the scope of 1.5-2.1 .As for weak acid dyes, the LOB values of which suit for dyeing polyurethane fiber vary from 1.85 to 2.78. The exhaustion rates of triphenylmethane dyes are in the highest rank.The main process parameters affecting dyeing behavior such as pH-.temperature time are tested systematically. The optimum conditions are given as follows:neutral dyes (pH =4 -. Temp.=70-800C . dyeing time 40-60mm) disperse dye; (pH=5-6~. Temp.=95- 100 0C -. dyeing time 40-80mm)weak acid dyes (pH=4 Temp.=95-1000C-. dyeing time 60-90mm-. neutralelectrolyte 1 O-20g11).In addition, the mechanisms of the dyeing of polyurethane fibers with neutral dyes and disperse dyes were explored by the study of dyeing thermodynamic. The adsorption isotherm of 1:2 metal complexes on polyurethane fibers belongs to the dual of Langmuir type and Nernst type. indicating that the interaction between 1:2 metal complexes and the polyurethane fiber is by electrostatic and Van Der Waals forces as well as hydrogen bonds. While the JOB value of neutral dyes decreases, the contribution of Nemst type increases and the affinity as well as the exhaustion rates markedly improves. The adsorption isotherms of disperse dyes shows Nemst type.The activation energies of neutral and disperse in polyurethane fiber are lower than those of other dye-fiber systems. Moreover, the diffusion coefficients increase with the increase in their hydrophobicity while the variety of molecular weights has no influence. However, as to disperse dyes, neither the affinity nor the molecular weight has remarkable effect on the diffusion coefficients更多还原