【作者】 王丽；

【导师】 周诚；

【作者基本信息】 广州中医药大学 ， 中药学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 白花蛇舌草是近年来新开发的常用中药，具清热解毒、利湿消肿等功效，主治咽喉肿痛、湿热黄疸、小便不利、疮疖肿痈、急慢性胆囊炎、泌尿道感染、毒蛇咬伤等病症，对多种肿瘤疗效显著。《中华人民共和国药典》（1995年版）一部附录拟定其来源为茜草科（Rubiaceae）植物白花蛇舌草Hedyotis diffusa Willd．一种。有关白花蛇舌草的植物形态、组织特征、化学成分、药理作用和临床应用文献报道较多，但对其质量还缺乏系统和全面的研究。据调查及文献报道，有多种混伪品用来充当白花蛇舌草药材，其中几乎多数地区使用的白花蛇舌草实为同科同属植物水线草Hedyotis corymbosa（L.）Lam.或两者混在一起药用。本文从原植物形态、药材性状及显微特征、理化分析等方面对白花蛇舌草进行比较系统的质量研究，同时对其混淆品水线草的质量作出评价，为扩大药源，保证临床用药安全、有效提供依据。一．文献综述 本文从使用地区的品种调查、化学成分、理化分析、药理作用等方面对白花蛇舌草及水线草的研究概况作了综述。二．原植物鉴定 白花蛇舌草与水线草原植物形态较相似，主要区别是：白花蛇舌草花单生或对生于叶腋；水线草花2～5朵集成腋生的伞房花序，花梗较长而纤细。三．样品来源及鉴定 对在福建、上海、江西、广西、海南、湖南、广州等地所收集的白花蛇舌草商品及主产地（广州、广西桂林、海南海口）白花蛇舌草和水线草自采品进行了品种的鉴定。四．性状鉴定与显微鉴定 本文对主要产地的药材及华南地区的商品白花蛇舌草和水线草作性状特征的鉴别，对广州地区产的白花蛇舌草和水线草作茎、叶横切面结构特征、两品种全草粉末组织细胞形态特征的鉴别。五．理化分析1．活性物质定性检测鉴别 根据文献报道【’”刃，白花蛇舌草在临床和药理所产生的药效与其所含的化合物有关，针对白花蛇舌草及水线草所含的共同的活性物质，如：氨丛酸、糖、贰类、三砧类及环烯醚砧类成分进行了化学定性鉴别。2．薄层层析 将不同地区商品及自采品的乙醇提取液用两个极性不同的展开系统进行薄层层析鉴别，结果表明，各样品的薄层行为相似，说明仅通过薄层层析来鉴别白花蛇舌草与水线草的差别是不容易的。3．紫外光谱分析 对白花蛇舌草及水线草广州自采品按紫外谱线组法用四种极性不同的溶剂浸泡，测其紫外光谱，结果表明白花蛇舌草与水线草的氯仿浸液、石汕醚浸液紫外吸收图谱几乎一致，说明两者在化学成分上的相似性，而无水乙醇浸液白花蛇舌草在229urn有一吸收峰，水线草在此处没有吸收，可作为两者的鉴别点。4．挥发性成分分析 采用GC－MS法分析白花蛇舌草及水线草中挥发性成分，结果表明，两者均以十五酸、十六酸、亚油酸等脂肪酸成分为主，区别仅在于白花蛇舌草中检出少量日．芳樟醇、冰片、a．松油醇、乙酸香叶酯，而水线草中未检出。5．按药典规定的检查项目作物理常数的测定 本文对白花蛇舌草商品及两个品种（白花蛇舌草和水线草）自采品的水分、灰分、酸不溶性灰分、水溶性浸出物、70％醇溶性浸出物进行了测定。6．氨基酸组分检测及其含量测定 对广州、海口、桂林三地区产的白花蛇舌草及水线草自采品中氨基酸的组分检测及其含量进行了测定，结果表明，同一地区比较，水线草中所含氨基酸总量稍高于白花蛇舌草，而三地区中以广州自采品（白花蛇舌草、水线草）所含氨基酸总量最高，而海口最低。7多糖含量测定 文献报道l’，”·‘儿 白花蛇舌草所含多糖具有免疫活性，因此，我们测定了所收集样品中多糖的含量，结果表明，各地商品中以福建建阳所购白花蛇舌草多糖含量最高，而海南海口、江西分宜、上海三地区多糖含量较 2低。同一地区自采品比较，白花蛇舌草中多糖含量高于水线草，而同一品种，三地区比较，广州自采品（白花蛇舌草和水线草）多糖含量最高，而海口自采品多糖含量最低。8．熊果酸及齐墩果酸的含量测定 文献报道19·12”141，熊果酸及齐墩果酸具有抗肿瘤活性，因此，采用高效液相色谱法测定了样品中熊果酸及齐墩果酸的含量，结果表明，各地商品以海口所含熊果酸及齐墩果酸最高。三地区白花蛇舌草自采品以海口熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量最高，而广州最低。水线草自采品亦以海口熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量最高，而桂林最低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research of Quality of Herba Hedyotis Diffusacl-Ierba Hedyotis Diffusae had not been developed as a common-used Chinese Medicine till present, which can clear away heat and toxic material, damp and edema, for sorethroat, jaundice of dampness-type, dysuria, uncerations and carbuncles, acute and chronic cholecystitis, urethritis and snake bite, etc. The herb has the advantage of various kinds of tumour. One appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1995) defined that it is originated from one type of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. of madder family. There are many documents reported ahout the plant shape, characteristic of organization, chemical ingredient, pharmacological action, clinical applying. But it lacks systematic and comprehensive in quality of the herb. We can find that many counterfeits are used as Herba Hedyotis Diffusae from investigation and documents reporting, and most of them are Hedyotis Corymbosa (L.)Lam. of the same family and genus or both the two. The paper has a rather systematic study on I-lerba 1-Iedyotis Diffusae from shape of protophyte, organization and stueture, chemical and physical analysis, etc. Meanwhile it evaluated the quality of I-Jerba Hedyotis Corymbosae. The research can aford the basis to enlarge the origination, ensure the safety and effect in clinical using.Through chemical reaction, we had identified the ingredient such as amino acid, sacchsarides, glycosides, triterpenes and iridoid glycosides contained in Herba Hedyotis Diffusae and Herba Hedyotis Corymbosae.The qualitive analysis of EtOH-extraction in Herba Hedyotis Diffusae and Herba Hedyotis Corymbosae by TCL shows no significant difference bet~veen them, so we can inferred that it is not easy to identify the two by means of TCL.The ultraviolet absorption spectrum shows no significant difference between the content of CHCI3 -extration in I-Ierba Hedyotis Diffusae and Herba Hedyotis Corymbosae. This result can prove the similarity of chemical ingredient in them. While the EtOH-extraction of Herba Hedyotis Diffusaehave a absorption-peak in 229nm, but Herba Hedyotis Corymbosae havn抰. The difference can consider as an identify-point of them probably.The quantitative analysis of amino acid in Herba Hedyotis Diffusae and Herba Hedyotis Corymbosae collected from different locations shows that Herba Hedyotis Diffusae and Herba Hedyotis Corymbosae in Guangzhou have the highest content of amino acid, Haikou the lowest and Guiling the middle. On the other hand, the content of amino acid in Herba Hedyotis Corymbosae is a little higher than that of Herba Hedyotis Diffusae in the same location.We also have measured the content of ploysaccharide in different sample, which is reported to have immunity action. The result shows that Herba Hedyotis Diffusae from Jianyang of Fujian province has the highest content of polysaccharide, the lower has Haikou, Fenyi and Shanghai. Comparison between the samples from the same location show that the content of polysaccharide in Herba Hedyotis Diffusae all superior to that of Herba Hedyotis Corymbosae, and the sample from Guangzhou had the highest content of polysaccharide while the sample from Haikou the lowest compared among the same sample collected by oneself in different three locations.It is reported from documents that ursolic and oleanolic acid have the pharmacodynamical funtion such as depressing the growth of cancer cell. We had applied the method of HPLC to measure the content of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in different sample. The result is that the sample from Haikou has the highest content of the two.更多还原