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α-氨氧化镍/溶液界面性质及其电子转移的研究

Study of the Properties and Electron Transfer at α-Ni(OH)2/Liquid Electrolyte Interface

【作者】 何茂霞

【导师】 郭源; 夏熙;

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 , 物理化学, 2001, 硕士

【摘要】 Ni(OH)2作为电池的正极材料,多年来一直倍受人们的关注。Ni(OH)2及各种掺杂Ni(OH)2作为电池的活性材料,人们己经对其从不同角度进行了广泛的研究。同时,Ni(OH)2作为半导体,人们对在Ni上钝化形成的Ni(OH)2薄膜以及通过阴极电沉积形成的Ni(OH)2薄膜己在暗态和光照条件下作了不同程度的研究。研究表明α-Ni(OH)2在碱性溶液中表现出p-型半导体的性质,其平带电位为-0.1V vs Hg/HgO。但是通过阴极电沉积制备的Ni(OH)2薄膜作为惰性电极,研究暗态条件下在K3Fe(CN)6溶液及在KOH溶液中的动力学性质,尤其是Ni(OH)2电极/K3Fe(CN)6溶液界面的界面性质及电子转移,目前尚未见报导。各种掺杂Ni(OH)2作为惰性电极在K3Fe(CN)6溶液及在碱性溶液中的动力学行为也未见报导。研究半导体/溶液界面的电子转移动力学机理无论在理论还是在实践上都具有极为重要的意义。鉴于此,我们进行了如下研究: Ⅰ.测出了α-Ni(OH)2电极在K3Fe(CN)6溶液中的Mott-Schotty曲线并且依此判断出α-Ni(OH)2在K3Fe(CN)6溶液中的半导体性质。①在K3Fe(CN)6溶液浓度固定时,不同频率下测得的Mott-Schotty曲线在约0.5V的电位范围内呈现出线性关系,且斜率为正,表明α-Ni(ON)2在K3Fe(CN)6溶液中表现出n-型半导体的性质。该线性范围与本征半导体相比相对较小。在电位较负时,数据偏离了Mott-Schotty的线性关系,这也是导致Mott-Schotty曲线线性范围较窄的原因之一。我们认为这种现象可能是由表面态引起的。平带电位基本与频率无关,约为-0.80±0.04V vs SCE;②在固定频率下,不同浓度K3Fe(CN)6溶液中测得的Mott-Schotty曲线形状基本没有变化,但是曲线斜率有所不同,即本体载流子浓度不同,平带电位随着浓度的变化而变化,基本符合Nerstian关系式。 Ⅱ.通过测量α-Ni(OH)2的平带电位,计算出了导带和价带边缘位置,画出了α-Ni(OH)2电极/K3Fe(CN)6溶液界面达到平衡时的能带结构图。 Ill.测定了掺杂a-Ni(OH);电极/K。Fe(CN)。溶液界面的Mottschotty曲线, 通过该曲线的测量,可以看出,掺杂元素对a-Ni(OH)。的半导体参数有不同程 度的影响.这与各掺杂元素及a-Ni(OH)。本身的性质有关.但是掺杂并没有改 变a-Ni(O H)。在K。Fe(CN)。溶液中的半导体类型及Mottscllotty曲线的线性范 围. IV.利用实验测量结果,计算出了各种Ni(OH),电极IK。Fe(CN)。溶液界面 的电子转移速率常数 Ke;’最小约为 8.59 X]0”气ln‘·s’,远大子 Lewis等人对平 衡电子直按转移速率常数的预测(10-’、。1S”〕说明该Ni(OHh电极jK。FS(CNA 溶液界面的电子转移并非直按的电于转移,而是经过表面态,即是说,Ni(OH)。 导带中的电于先由表面态俘获,然后又以足够高的能量以热激发的形式由表面 态转移到溶液中的氧化态物种Fe(*N*-离子中的空电子能级上. V研究了在频率为1一SKHZ 范围内Ni(OH人在KOH溶液中的高频电容, 并得出了Mottschotty图.①如同在K。Fe(CN)。溶液中一样,不同的测定频簿 下,测定的*川卜hbny曲线变化不大,在约0·SV的电位范围内*川卜hMny 曲线呈线性关系,但是其斜率为负,表明Ni(。。方在KOH溶液中愚现擞级一。*- 半导体的性质.平带电位受频率的影响相对较小,其值约为刀.12ed.05V VS Ny*go:②同一电流密度,不同电沉积时间下电沉积得到的NZ(*m,电极在KOH溶液中的平带电位随着时间的增长而向正方向漂移。③相同扫描电位区 间,不同扫描方向时,M川石叫伙ty曲线基本没有任何变化,从而也说明了在 该电位区间内川(OHh稳定,保持惰性;④不同等效电路下MOtt七 曲线 基本没有任何变化.说明本文中等效电路对Ni(OH),半导体性质的测定并没有 影响. *1.测定了掺杂*0N入在**N溶液中的平带电位,通过实验结果可以 看出,掺杂元素对Ni(OH)。的平带电位有不同程度的影响,其中,掺Ag的影 响尤为显著.这可能是因为Ag以金属原子的形式掺到Ni(OHh中去后形成了一个新相.其它金属元素对Ni(OH)。的半导体性质也有不同程度的影响.这可能是因为其它金属元素以金属离子的形式进入到Ni(OH)。的晶格中后影响到了Ni ww),的晶胞参数,晶体缺陷等.

【Abstract】 Abstract The nickel and doping nickel hydroxide electrodes have been studied extensively due to their importance as the active material in nickel battery systems. Not only this, nickel passive layers and nickel hydroxide thin films prepared by cathodic deposition have been studied to some degree under illumination and unillumination because of its promising semiconducting properties. The results showed that ci-Ni(OH)2 is a p-type semiconductor which bandgap is 3.6?.9eV and the flat band potential is -O.IV vs Hg/HgO. However, few investigations were focused on the understanding of the kinetics of c&Ni(OH)2 /K3Fe(CN)6 electrolyte solution interface, especially, the electron transfer at the a-Ni(OH)2/K3Fe(CN)6 electrolyte solution interface. Understanding of these systems is of practical and theoretical significance because of its extensive application in photo- electrochernical batteries. The following studies are based on these. I. The high frequency capacitance of x-Ni(OH)2 in K3Fe(CN)6 solution is studied in the frequency range of 5-15KHz and the MOtt-Schottky plots are obtained. (i) The Mott-Schottky plots for the ci-Ni(OH)2 thin film electrodes at constant electrolyte are linear over a range of O.5V vs SCE, with a positive slope characteristic of a n-type semiconductor. The linear potential range is relatively narrow compared with the bulk semiconductor. At high negative potentials, the data deviate from the linear relation, which is one of the reasons leads to the relatively narrow linear potential range. This effect may be caused by the existence of surface state. The Mott-Schottky plots of capacitance values calculated at constant frequencies and yield Vm values, which are practically-independent in spite of the slight increase of slope of Mott-Schottky curves with increasing frequency values -4- of flat band potential is -O.80監.04V vs SCE. (ii) The Mott-Schottky plots C2 vs V for the thin film electrodes in different electrolytes also exhibit linear relationships covering a O.5V potential range. The values of V~ obtained from the linear part of the Mott-Schottky plots are shifted to more negative potentials with decreasing concentration of K3Fe(CN)6 electrolyte reflecting Nernstian relation. II. The edges of conduction band and?valance band are calculated using the measured flat band potentials and other parameters. Furthermore, the energy band diagram of semiconductor electrode with surface states and solution system under equilibrium conditions is drawn, which can explain the process of electron transfer at the interface. Ill. The Mott-Schottky plots for the doping Ni(OH)2 thin films electrodes at constant frequency and K3Fe(CN)6 electrolyte are also linear over a range of 0.5< with a positive slope. Coprecipitation of all nine metal ions into films has a variety of effects on the semiconductive parameters of Ni(OH)2. This effect may be caused? by the intrinsic properties of doping elements. IV. The electron transfer rate constants, ~, are calculated using the measured results and other parameters. The minimum value of the electron transfer rate constants, 8.59X 106cm4晄? is far larger than the value of the direct electron transfer rate constant條0?crn4晄? The date can be interpreted b

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 新疆大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2002年 01期
  • 【分类号】O646.5
  • 【下载频次】171
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