社会主义所有制实现形式在实践中的发展

【作者】 代恒猛；

【导师】 萧贵毓；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 科学社会主义， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 社会主义所有制实现形式问题是建设有中国特色社会主义的一个重大实践问题。但长期以来人们在该问题上存在着对马克思恩格斯有关论述的教条化理解，在实践中又存在着把所有制实现形式混同于所有制关系的僵化认识，以至于社会主义所有制实现形式在实践中经历了一个曲折发展的过程。本文通过对该过程的历史考察，揭示马克思所有制理论的一个基本内涵——所有制实现形式最终决定于生产力发展水平，所有制实现形式可以而且应当多样化。导论：界定所有制关系、所有制实现形式及其他有关概念的一般内涵，为下文分析奠定理论基础。第一部分：分析马克思恩格斯设想未来社会所有制关系的理论和现实依据、指导原则和这一设想的基本内涵，明确马克思恩格斯只是依据生产关系一定要适合生产力发展这一人类社会发展基本规律，在考察资本主义生产方式基本矛盾的基础上，对未来社会所有制关系的抽象设想，社会主义所有制的具体实现形式由后人在实践中进一步探索。第二部分：考察前苏联第一个建立公有制两种基本形式的实践过程，总结前苏联在实践中探索公有制实现形式的经验和教训。第三部分：阐述我党在经济体制改革过程中对马克思主义所有制理论的重大发展。我党坚持从社会主义初级阶段生产力实际出发，把马克思主义所有制基本原理运用到中国实践，提出社会主义所有制实现形式仅仅是“形式”问题，本身不存在姓“社”姓“资”的制度属性，因此，社会主义所有制实现形式不存在固定的模式，可以而且应当多样化；一切符合“三个有利于”标准的所有制形式都可以为社会主义服务，一切反映社会化生产规律的组织形式和经营方式都可以大胆利用；要努力寻找极大促进生产力发展的公有制实现形式。这就把所有制实现形式同所有制关系区别开来，突破了人们长期以来在所有制实现形式问题上的姓“社”姓“资”的僵化思维，把是否符合生产力发展水平作为判断一种所有制实现形式是否科学的根本标准，从而在这个问题上发展了马克思主义。结论：所有制实现形式最终决定于生产力发展水平，所有制实现形式可以而且应当多样化。这是贯穿于马克思主义所有制理论发展史的一条主线。更多还原

【Abstract】 How to materialize socialist system of ownership is a great practical problem in constructing Chinese characteristic socialism. But there has been dogmatic understanding of Marx and Angles’ exposition concerning it and rigid realization of confusing the forms of materializing ownership system in practice for a long time. So the forms of materializing ownership system have gone through a winding road. Though historical investigation of this process, my essay discloses a fundamental connotation of Marxist ownership system that forms of which are finally determined by level of development of productive forces and forms of which should be diversified.Introduction: Definite connotations of relations of ownership system, its materializing form and other relative concepts to provide historical basis for analyzing following contents.Part One Analyze thinking methods and historical basis of Marx and Angles’ assumption and its connotation, clear and definite that the assumption of future relations of social ownership system by Marx and Angles is the abstract one and which is only according to the fundamental law of human society that productive relations must be in keeping with productive forces and bases on the investigation of fundamental contradiction of capitalist productive pattern and the specific forms of materializing socialist ownership system should be explored by later generations in practice.Part Two Investigate two basic forms of practice of setting up the first public system in Soviet Union and summarize experience and lessons of this materializing process.Part Three Elaborate the great breakthrough in the theory of Marxist ownership system in economic structural reforms by Chinese Communist Party , which insists on starting from the productive forces fact of socialist primary stage , applies Marxist fundamentals of ownership system to Chinese practice , proposes that there are no fixed , but diversified forms of materializing socialist ownership system .All the forms of materializing socialist ownership system which are up to the standard of “there benefits ”could serve socialism , all the organizations forms and operating means which reflect social productive law could be exploited bravely and all the forms of materializing ownership system which can improve the productive forces should be sought with great efforts.In fact, the realization differentiates the forms of materializing with the relations of ownership system, breaks off the rigid thoughts of capitalism and socialism about forms of materializing ownership system, judges the forms of materializing to be scientific or not according to the standard whether they are up to the level of development of productive forces and shows that the forms should be diversified. Conclusion: Forms of materializing ownership system are finally determined by level of development of productive forces, which could and should be diversified. It is the fundamental connotation of theory of Marxist ownership system.更多还原