水解酸化+好氧膜生物工艺处理弹药销毁废水的试验研究

【作者】 郭新超；

【导师】 金奇庭；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 弹药销毁废水的主要污染成份为三硝基甲苯（TNT），属难生物降解有机物，本文根据这一水质特点，从探索高效实用的治理组合工艺的角度出发，研究了水解酸化+好氧膜生物工艺对弹药销毁废水的治理特性。 共代谢外加碳源的有无，对工艺的处理效果影响显著。在没有共代谢外加碳源的情况下，水力停留时间HRT=40小时，TNT的去除率仅为53.4%;在有共代谢外加碳源的情况下，外加碳源COD与TNT提供COD的比值宜大于4.8，系统对TNT的去除率可高达99%。出水中氨氮含量增高，硝酸盐氮与亚硝酸盐氮含量低；通过计算氮的变化，可知有62.5％的TNT被矿化。系统中，在保持高去除率的前提下，可基本实现污泥零增长。温度对水解酸化的影响重大，当温度低于15℃时，水解酸化作用极不明显，而当温度高于20℃时，水解酸化效果良好。在低压、较低污泥浓度条件下，膜通量的衰减与污泥浓度的增长呈线性关系，膜通量与操作压力呈线性增长趋势，温度每升高5℃，膜通量增量为0.2L/m~2·h。膜污染主要由膜吸附与堵塞造成，凝胶层阻力不占主导。论文对比了水解酸化＋好氧膜生物法与水解酸化+粉炭活性污泥法、Fenton氧化等高级氧化法对弹药销毁废水的处理效果，得出水解酸化+好氧膜生物工艺是最优方法的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main contaminant in the wastewater of explosive disposal is 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene（TNT）belonging tO recalcitrant.For searching for the efficient combination process, this paper studiedcharacteristics of biological hydrolysis-membrane biological reactor in explosive disposalwastewater treatment.The function of hydrolysis and the TNT removal rate were affected obvisously byco-metabolizing additional carbon source.When hydraulic retention time （HRT） was 40hours,TNT removal rate was 53.4% without co-substrate or 99% with 4.8: l COD ratio of co-substrateto TNT.Ammonia-nitrogen concentration and （NO₃）^-/（NO₂）^- concentration was low ineffluent It can be obtained that 62.5% of TNT was mineralized by calculating the converts ofnitrogen.The increase of sludge was very slow and no sludge was discharged under experimentalconditions. Biological hydroysis became very poor when water temperature was below l5℃, andin good state as temperature was above 20℃. Under low MLSS and lower operation pressure,itshowed lineal relationship between flux decrease and MLSS increase,lineal increase relationshipbetween flux and operation pressure,and 0.2L/m²·h flux increased amounts with each 5℃ rise.Membrane adsorption and blockage resulted in flux disease and gel layer resistan was notobvious. Compared with the treatment results of biological hydrolysis-powdered actived carbonactivated sludge process and several advanced oxidation process, biological hydrolysis-membrane biological reactor is the best one.更多还原