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我国环境保护的伦理导向与法制保障
Ethical guidance of environmental protection and its legal system security in china
【作者】 李桂玲;
【作者基本信息】 成都理工学院 , 科学技术哲学, 2001, 硕士
【摘要】 随着科学技术的进步和世界经济的发展,人类的经济水平在不断提高。然而同时,其所面临的环境问题也变得日益突出和复杂。人类从来没有像今天这样深刻地意识到自己在地球上的生存和可持续发展正由于自身的原因而受到严重威胁。 有感于环境问题的日益严重,人类开始重新思考与自然环境的关系。环境问题是由于人类对环境的不正确态度造成的,最终也只能依靠改变人对环境的态度来解决。二十世纪三十至四十年代,西方首先提出了“环境伦理”的观点,主张突破传统的道德定义,把人与人的社会关系扩展到人与自然的关系当中,承认其他物种的道德权利。其中,英国哲学家利奥波得的“土地伦理”思想、法国哲学家施伟泽的“敬畏生命”思想、以及美国环境伦理学家罗尔斯顿对“自然的价值”的论述等都是颇具代表性的观点。这些观点都有其积极进步的一面,都对环境伦理思想的发展有着不可磨灭的贡献。然而,本文认为他们都过分强调乃至片面夸大了人与自然之间的和谐统一,忽视了人类过去、现在和将来都要与自然抗争,都不能只向大自然讲谦和恭让而放弃与自然进行斗争这一事实。本文在对早期西方的环境伦理思想进行反思的基础上指出:当代的环境伦理思想强调人类应该在认识和尊重自然规律的前提下,合理地利用自然。在自然资源的利用上,应该关心个人更关心人类的群体,着眼当前,同时放眼未来,并在生活中从一点一滴的小事做起,提高环境意识,而不能从情感出发,急功近利,甚至为所欲为。 环境伦理通过道德教化的作用提高人的环保意识,它在本质上应该是公民自觉遵守的,而在目前情况下,要在我国建立一种完全自愿的社会伦理几乎不可能。所以,环境法制在当前也显得尤为必要。 本文认为,我国的环境法制建设虽然已经取得了一定的成绩,但仍然存在着诸多问题,如立法体系上存在着诸多空白、执法机构职责不清、没有专门的环境司法机构、环境司法难度太大等等。为此,我国应该尽快完善环境立法,强化环境执法力度----为我国的环境保护提供强有力的法制保障。
【Abstract】 Ethical guidance of environmental protectionand its legal system security in chinaLi GuILIng(Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059)AbstractWith progress of science and development of economy , the environmental problem is becoming more and more complex. Sustainable development of mankind is being t~eatened.Because of the critical environmental problem, people begin to ponder the relation between mankind and environment . About at 1930?1940 , the viewpoint of nvironmental ethics ?was put forward firstly . They advocated to break through the definition of traditional morality, expanded the social relations between people and people to the relations between people and nature, and admitted the other species moral right. Although these viewpoints of western environmental scientists are progressive, they have theirs limitations.Based on the idea of western environmental ethic, the contemporary idea of environmental ethic emphasize that people should make rational use of i~mtural resources, while shouldn’t proceed from emotion, eager for quick success and instant benefit, do whatever they like.Environmental law is one of the indispensable means of environmental protection. Although our country’s environmental legal system has been made a big progress, there are many problems in the construction of our country’s environmental legal system; we must try our best to solve these problems in order to give guarantee to environmental protection of our country.
【Key words】 Environment; Environmental protection; Environmental ethics; Environmental legal system;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 成都理工学院 【网络出版年期】2002年 01期
- 【分类号】D922.6;B82-058
- 【被引频次】5
- 【下载频次】473