【作者】 刘守伟；

【导师】 李景富；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 番茄是一种重要的世界蔬菜作物。目前番茄可利用资源的遗传多样性迅速下降，在番茄中很难找到对低温、弱光、干旱、潮湿和CMV等的抗源，尤其是番茄育种中的两大难题—番茄抗黄瓜花叶病毒育种和耐低温育种，多年来一直困绕着各国育种家。尚未能解决，就是因为没有可利用的遗传资源。番茄属（Lycopersicon）近缘野生种类番茄茄（Solanum lycopersicoides）因其具有栽培番茄所不具备的特殊优良性状（尤其是耐低温和抗黄瓜花叶病毒）而倍受关注。本试验在了解类番茄茄生物学特性基础上，对类番茄茄与番茄属杂交亲和性进行研究，为利用类番茄茄拓宽番茄遗传资源，解决番茄育种难题提供基本理论依据。结论如下：1．S.lyco.形态特性 S.lyco.种子为褐色，大小介于Lycopersicon属栽培种和野生种之间；茎多分枝，圆柱形；叶为奇数羽状复叶，锯齿，大小介于Lycopersicon属栽培种和野生种之间；花药5枚，白色，顶裂；果呈绿色，直径介于1.1～1.2cm之间，果中有10～12粒褐色种子。2．S.lyco.生长发育习性 S.lyco.种子在正常浸种条件下不萌发，用50％HOCI浸种处理，萌发较好；植株属无限生长类型，分枝性较强；复总状花序，每个花序上平均有45～55朵花，花昼开夜闭；花粉萌发孔具三孔沟，直径是Lycopersicon属的1.7倍；自花授粉不结实，株间授粉结实率为5～15％。3．Lycopersicon属花粉离体萌发培养基最佳组分构成为：蔗糖13％、硼酸143mg/kg、琼脂1％。4．S.lyco.与栽培种番茄（L.esculentum）的属间杂交不亲和。S.lyco.作母本时，不亲和性发生在受精前，原因是花粉管在花柱中伸长受胼胝质阻塞，未能伸进胚珠；L.escu.作母本时，不亲和性发生在胚胎发育阶段，未能发生双受精，或即使发生双受精，胚在发育早期因胚乳瓦解后缺乏营养而夭折。5．S.lyco.与番茄属（Lycopersicon）7个野生种杂交均不亲和。原因是，与L.pimp.杂交，花粉萌发率极低，而且花粉管沉积大量的胼胝质，伸长受阻；与L.glan.杂交，S.lyco.作父本时是花粉管伸长受阻，作母本时，胚胎发育不正常，胚乳在胚发育早期瓦解，胚最后死亡。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tomato is an important vegetable crop . Nowadays, the diversity of useful resources of tomato is quickly decreased. There is scarcely the antigen about low temperature, low light level, drought, humidity and CMV. Especially the two difficult problems in tomato breedingesistances of CMV and low temperature are not solved until now. The reason is short of useful genetic resourcesSolanum lycopersicoides has many good characters.The purpose of my experiment is solving the following problom: knowing the biological characters; studing on cross-compatibility between S.lyco. and lycopersicon and providing theory basis to utilize S.lyco. to broadengenetic resource. The results are as follows:I.Morphological character of S.lyco.:Seed colour is brown and seed size is in between cultivated and wild tomatos? its stem is much-branched and centrical; Leaves is odd pinnately compound leaves with sawtooth margin; Anthers is white and burst at top with exserted stigma; The fruits colour is green. The diameter is 1.1?.2cm. There are 10?2 brown seeds in fruit.2.Growth and development habits of S.lyco.:Seed doesn germinate at the normal condition and the barrier can be overcome by the treatment of seeds with 50% HOCI; S.lyco. belongs to indeterminated type with rampant, strong growth potential and sprouting; lnflorescerce type is compound raceme; The flower popens at daytime and closes at night; The type of aperture is 3-colporate; The diameter is 1.7 times than lycopersicon. ; S.lyco. is self-sterile, fruit-setting rate is 5?5% by pollinated among plants.3.The best composition of lycopersicon pollen germinating culture medium: the content of sugar, boric acid and agar is respectively 13%, 143mg/kg and 1%.4.Intergenetic crossing between S.Iyco. and L.escu. is incompatible. As S.lyco. is used as female parent, the reason of incompatibity is that pollen tubes can prolong in the style; when s.lyco. is used as male parent, the embryonic development is not normal.5.lntergenetic crossing between S.lyco. and Iycopersicon is incompitable.Graduate:Liu shouweiMajor:vegetab]eSupervisor:Prof.Li jingfu更多还原