【作者】 邓红雨；

【导师】 包军；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 产仔限位栏是世界上比较流行的母猪分娩系统，是为防止母猪挤压仔猪提高仔猪成活率而设计的，该系统可将仔猪的死亡率由32％降至14％。因此，该分娩系统从本世纪六十年代开始流行。Brembell委员会明确指出：至少要满足动物有足够的转身、修饰、起立、趴卧和伸展四肢的活动自由。因此，各国学者纷纷改进分娩圈栏的结构，并提出多种改进方案，有椭圆形、圆形、椭球形、可回旋式及地面倾斜式等，主要通过观察母猪的行为表现来评价各种设计的合理性。在诸多研究中，对母猪卧姿的头部朝向，以及妊娠期和哺乳期间行为的转换频率的研究尚未见报道。 本研究的主要目的：1）比较产仔限位栏与分娩圈栏系统对母猪行为活动的影响；2）比较母猪在两种分娩栏中的姿势与姿态的变化，以及对其行为转换的影响。 本文通过两个试验对限位栏和分娩圈中母猪产前、产后的趴卧位置、趴卧姿势、头部朝向和姿势转换频率进行了研究。 试验（一）中，选择10头饲养在限位栏中的大白母猪为研究对象，对其妊娠期（2周平养、1-2周笼养）、哺乳期（5周在限位栏上）和空怀期（2周平养）进行为期10周的行为观察。高床限位栏的面积为1.5×2.3m，母猪妊娠舍为平养舍（3.5×4m），地面是水泥地面，有轻微坡度，排泄区和饮水区在下坡一侧，食槽在上坡一侧，四周是栏杆。试验观察时间从2000年3月10日至5月30日，试验地点是大庆种猪场。观察采用瞬时记录方法，每次观察间隔5分钟。记录立卧、侧卧、姿势转换频率和头部朝向等行为参数。 试验结果表明，哺乳阶段在限位栏中的大白母猪上笼前和下笼后侧卧用时分别为59％和64.8％，头部朝外用时分别为49.08％和52.60％。上笼后，大白母猪侧卧用时妊娠阶段为61.69％，哺乳阶段为65.90％，且母猪侧卧用时随哺乳周龄增加而减少。哺乳阶段母猪姿势转换频率为1.83次/小时。 试验（二）中选择生活在平养圈中的10头大白母猪和10头长白母猪作为观察对象，对其妊娠期（预产期前4周）和哺乳期（6周）进行为期10周的行为观察。母猪为平面圈养，圈舍的长×宽×高为3×3.1×0.95m，水泥地面，圈内猪床面积为2.4×2.2m，圈内还设有仔猪保温箱（长×宽×高为1.05×0.6×0.95m），保温箱上方有红外线灯供给热源。试验观察时间从2000年10月16日至2001年1月20日，试验地点是靠河寨种猪场。观察采用瞬时记录方法，每次观察间隔5分钟。记录立卧、侧卧、姿势转换频率、头部朝向和趴卧位置等行为参数。 试验结果表明，分娩圈中，大白母猪在采食区（0位）趴卧用时分别为：妊娠阶段为1.15％，哺乳阶段为3.14％；长白母猪在采食区（0位）趴卧用时分别为：妊娠阶段和哺乳阶段均为0。大白母猪侧卧用时分别为：妊娠阶段为70.3％，哺乳阶段为71.43％； 邓红雨 摘要20（）．5 长白母猪侧卧用时为分别为：妊娠阶段为70％，哺乳阶段为82．14％。大白母猪头部朝外 用时分别为：妊娠阶段为53．38％，哺乳阶段为41厂4％；长白母猪头部朝外用时为：妊 娠阶段为75．86％，哺乳阶段为54．84％。分娩圈中母猪的姿势转换频率为4刀5次／小时。 结论： l 分娩圈中的母猪几乎不在采食区趴卧。 2．分娩圈中的母猪采用头部朝外的姿势多于其它朝向的姿势。 3．在限位栏和分娩圈中母猪采用侧卧的姿势显著多于立卧。 4．分娩圈中母猪的姿势转换频率要明显高子限位栏中母猪的姿势转换频率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Farrowing crates were designed in 1 960s to reduce crushing of the piglets by the sow, now are prevalent in a world since. This system can reduced mortality of piglets from 32%(in pens) to 1 4%(in crates). Later studies show that the crates confines the activities of sows and reduces sow well-being accordingly, though crates improves piglet welfare obviously. rembell committee?stated clearly that an animal should have at least sufficient freedom of movement to be able to turn around, groom itself, get up, lie down and stretch its limbs without difficulty. So, scholars in each country all improvs the design of crate and proposes many kinds of designs such as circle, oval, ellipsoid, turn-around, sloped, etc. They assessed the validity of all designs in a way by observing behaviour of sows. Although many studies have been carried out for study on the effect on the behaviour effected by the designs, there is no report about the orientation preference when sows lay and the frequency of posture transition in pregnancy and lactation periods. Objects of this study are: 1)to compare the effect on behaviour activities of sows in crate and in pen; 2) to compare the change of posture in crate and in pen, and effect on posture transition.Two experiments were carried out to study lying positions, lying posture, orientation and frequency of posture transition of sows before and after parturition in farrowing crates and in farrowing pens.In experiment I, ten Yorkshire sows were observed in farrowing crate for ten weeks. Crate area is l.5x2.3m. Pregnancy pen are loosed one (area is 3.5 x4m) with slight sloped concrete floor.In experiment II, ten Yorkshire sows and ten Landrace sows were observed in pens for ten weeks. Pen is loosed one with concrete floor(area is 3 x3?1 xO.95m) and pig brooder with heater on the top.During observation scan sampling was adopted and the time interval for each observation is five minutes.The results showed that all sows in pen nearly did not lie in feeding area. It took Landrace sows almost half of their time to lie in the middle of lying area. Yorkshire sows spent more than half of their time to lie around lying area. And Yorkshire prefer to lie in the middle of lying area in lactation period. Among them3the amount of time spent on longitudinal lying is more than that on horizontal lying ,but it is not obviours for Yorkshire breed.It was found that the amount of time spent on lateral recumbency is obviously more than that spent on ventral recumbency, and the amount of time spent on lateral recumbency in crate is obviously more than that of in pen. In pen, the amount of time spent on lateral recumbency in lactation period for Landrace sows is obvioursly more than that in pregnancy period, but it is not obvious for Yorkshire sows. In crate, the amount of time spent on lateral recumbency in lactation for Yorkshire is obviously more than that in pregnancy period. The amount of time spent on ventral recumbency increases and that of lateral recumbency reduces as lactation progressed.The results indicate that sows in pen prefer to lying outward, but Landrace lies outward more thanYorkshire, and the amount of time spent on lying outward in pregnancy period is obvious more than that in lactation period.The result shows that the frequency of posture transition in pen is obviously more than that of in crate.Master candidate: Deng HongyuSpecialty:Animal BehaviourSupervisor:Professor Bao Jun更多还原