【作者】 杨朗；

【导师】 邓国荣；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 龙眼长跗萤叶甲(Monolepta occifuvis Gressitt et Kimoto)、荔枝泥蜂透翅蛾(Sphecosesia lichivora Yang et Wang)是广西龙眼上新发生的二种害虫，本文研究报导了这两种害虫的形态特征、发生分布区域、生物学生态学特性及防治技术。 明确了龙眼长跗萤叶甲在南宁市以成虫和部分幼虫、蛹越冬；每年3月下旬至4月、6月下旬至 9月为成虫出现盛期，发现有 Sinoluterus sp.和Monolepta sp.等两个近缘种与其混合发生；此叶甲的成虫寄主有龙眼、荔枝、芒果和扁桃，但主要为害龙眼。查明了目前广西的17个县(市)已有此虫发生分布，但其中在龙州、宁明、大新、崇左、武鸣、邕宁的部分龙眼园发生为害较严重；经测定已知，成虫个体的过冷却点和体液冰点平均为－8.8℃～－10.75和－3.80～－6.50℃，卵的发育起点温度是15.8±0.7℃，据此预测广西龙眼主产区均属此虫分布区和潜在分布区。经考查己知，广腹螳螂对本叶甲成虫的捕食功能反应是属于Holling圆盘方程(Ⅱ)型,其瞬时攻击率为a′=0.448，处理时间Th＝0.02759，最大取食量1/T＝36.24头；此虫的成虫、幼虫和蛹在龙眼园的分布均属于聚集型，进行虫情调查时，成虫可用“棋盘式”或“直行跳跃式”或“五点式”抽样，幼虫和蛹可用“棋盘式”或“分行式”或“Z”字形抽样方法。对植物生长调节剂试验结果表明，用萘乙酸2ppm、3ppm，芸苔素0.15ppm、O.2ppm、0.3ppm，九二○ 20ppm喷洒被害梢有促发新梢作用，充实了农业防治的内容。毒力测定及室内外药剂试验结果表明，此叶甲成虫对乐斯本、农地乐、8817─Ⅱ具有较高敏感性；乐斯本、8817—11、96—11、96—5等制剂对其具有较好防效；为今后跟踪监测本叶甲的抗性问题，提供了依据。 初步明确了荔枝泥蜂透翅蛾在南宁地区一年发生一代，以幼虫在为害蛀道内 】 广西大学硕士学位论文越冬；每年4月下旬至6月初为成虫羽化期，6月中旬至7月上旬为幼虫孵化盛期；查明目前广西的龙州、大新、崇左局部龙眼园已有分布为害；此虫对龙眼各品种为害轻、重与不同龙眼品种有关，乌龙岭、东壁、普明庵等品种受害株率达 80％以上，而目前推广种植的储良、石陕、大乌圆等品种受害较轻；在龙眼树上为害，各级枝梢均受其害，但一、二级枝梢受害较重。对龙眼树皮切片结果表明，凡树皮较厚、树皮的石细胞（团）较小以及含单宁细胞占横切面积比例较小的品种，受害较重。在卵盛孵期，用渗透性、触杀性强的药剂喷洒于树干及枝干上，可收到良好的防效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Monolepta occifuvis Gressitt et Kimoto and Sphecosesia Lichivora Yang et Wang are two new pests which destroy longan in Guangxi. In this paper, their morphic particularity, existent region, biological and ecological characteristics and control techniques were reported. Monolepta occjfuvis Gressitt et Kimoto overwintered with adults and parts of larvae and pupae. The abundance of adult occurred on longan in field in Nanning during the late March to April, the late June to September. It was found that there were two related pests, Sinoluterus sp. and Monolepta sp. occurred with Mocc~fw4s on longan. The pest could feed on longan, litchi, mango, almond, but it only damaged seriously on longan. The pest was found in 17 counties (cities) in Guangxi, and the serious damage occurred in parts of longan fields in Longzhou, Ningming, Da2xing, Chongjuo, Wuming, Yongning. The determination results showed that supercooling point and death-point of adult were ?.88--~?10.750C and ?.80--?.50扖, respectively, developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of egg were 15.8 ?0.7 0C, 142.5 ?9.5 day degree, respectively, according to the mentioned above we can calculate the longan productive-region in Guangxi belong existent-region and probable existent-region. Function response of Hierodula patell i/era serville to adults of Mccc jfiivis was Holling II, its a?.448,Th0.02759, 3 1ITh=3 6.24. Distribution patterns of the pest adult, larva and pupa belong to aggregated distribution. We can use hessboard form?or traight-row form?or ive-point form?for adult and use hessboard form?or ividing-row form?or -shape form?for larvae to investigate. By spraying with NAA 2ppm,3ppm, brassinolide 0.1 5ppm, )~LZi. 0 2oppm could promote the injured longan plants to grow new buds. The results of toxicity evaluation showed that the beetle adult have high sensitivity to chlorpy4fos, Nurelle-D5O5, 8817-2 and Chlorpyry抌s, 8817- II, 96-11, 96-5 were effective pesticides against the beetle. Sphecosesia lichivora Yang et Wang appear one generation annual in Nanning. Larvae overwintered in damaged-tunnel; adult emerged from the late April to the early June, the middle ten-day period of June to July was hatch high period. Parts of longan field in Longzhou, Daxing, Chongzuo are existent region of this kind pest. Different varieties of longan were damaged by the pest in different degree. Some varieties such as Wulongling, Dongbi, Pumingan were damaged seriously, but some popular cultivars such as Chuliang Shixia, Dawuyuan were damaged rather thinner. The stems at different levels of susceptible varieties could be destroyed, but the first and second degrees stems were damaged seriously. It was found that varieties with thicker barks, less brachyscleids and lack tannin could be damaged seriously. The field tests showed that some highly pentrable insecticides were effective to against the pest by spraying on the surface of bole in the hatching stage.更多还原