【作者】 郭军；

【导师】 寿森炎； 许勇；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究运用RAPD和SSR技术对32份西瓜种质资源进行遗传亲缘关系的研究，同时对目前北京市栽培面积最大的西瓜品种“京欣一号”杂交种纯度和真实性进行了分子鉴定研究，并初步建立了大批量“京欣一号”杂交种子纯度和真实性检测的分子标记辅助选择技术系统。本研究取得了以下主要结果： 1．利用RAPD技术对32份西瓜材料的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从720个随机引物（10bp）筛选出15个稳定多态性强的引物用于PCR反应，占总引物数的2.08％。共扩增出104条DNA带，其中多态性DNA条带43条，占41.35％，其中野生材料与栽培品种间的多态性较大，而栽培品种间的多态性频率为21.80％。聚类分析将供试材料分为6个类群：东亚生态型类群、美国生态型类群、2个中间生态型类群和2个非洲野生型类群，每个生态型类群都有其特有的扩增（缺失）条带以区别其他生态型类群，同时分析了同一生态型中各个品种之间的亲缘关系及其品种的特异条带。RAPD的分析结果不仅从分子水平验证了西瓜是遗传基础狭窄的作物，而且在分子水平对西瓜传统分类与地理生态型分类进行了分析。本实验同时也利用SSR技术初步研究了32份西瓜材料的遗传亲缘关系，研究结果表明：西瓜SSR多态性差异主要存在于野生种和栽培种之间，而栽培种之间差异很小。 2．对“京欣一号”西瓜种子纯度和真实性开展了分子鉴定研究，找到了两个RAPD标记OPP01/570bp和OPM16/390bp。其中RAPD标记OPP01/570bp只能用于杂种的纯度分析，同时成功地把其转化为SCAR标记SCP01/570bp；RAPD标记OPM16/390bp能用于杂种的纯度分析和真实性检测，只是转化为SCAR标记存在困难，这有待于进一步研究。我们利用SCAR标记SCP01/570bp和RAPD标记OPM16/390bp对“京欣一号”杂种纯度的鉴定进行了验证，验证结果与原纯度分析结果基本相符，从而说明了分子标记技术在杂种纯度分析和真实性检测方面的可行性和准确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat) were employed in order to study the genetic relationships of 32 watermelon (Cit rullus Ianatus (Thunb.) Masf.) germplasm, the purity and authenticity of hybrid 搄ingxin No.1攖hat was cultivated most in Beijing. We established rudimentally the techniqe of molecular marker 梐ssisted-selection for purity test and authenticity identification of seed in quantity. The main results were obtained as follows: 1. RAPD analysis was applied to assess the genetic relationships among 32 accessions of watermelon (Citrul/us Ianatus (Thunb.) Mans f). 15 primers (2.08%) were screened from 720 arbitrary 10-mer primers, and a total of 104 DNA bands were amplified,43 of which (41.35%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA band amplified by each primer was 7.0. A tree diagram was constructed by using complete linkage method. The 32 cultivars were assigned to 6 groups which were East-Asia group, American group, 2 medial groups and 2 Africa wild groups. Each ecological type group has its specific bands which were available to discriminate other groups and we also study the genetic relationships of different cultivars of each ecological type group. The results obtained by RAPD are fundamentally identical with their origins and characteristics and the genetic diversity in watermelon was narrow. SSR was used to study basically the genetic relationships among 32 accessions of watermelon (Citrullus Ianatus (Thunb.) Mansf). The result was that abundant SSR polymorphism between wild types and cultivars, few polymorphism among cultivars. 2 2. We found two RAPD markers named QPPO1/570bp and OPM16/390bp that could be used to detect the purity and authenticity of hybrid 搄ingxin No.1? RAPD marker QPPO1/570bp was transferred into a SCAR marker SCPO1/570bp that was only applied on purity test. RAPD marker OPMI6/390bp could be used on purity test and authenticity identification, but it was difficult to be transferred into a SCAR marker. We testify the purity of hybrid 搄ingxin No.1攚ith SCAR marker SCPO1/570bp and RAPD marker OPPO1/390bp. The results were proved . It was available and accurate to identify the purity and authenticity of hybrid with molecular markers technique.更多还原