发展消费信贷的制约因素及对策研究

【作者】 王静；

【导师】 柴彭颐；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 经过二十多年的改革开放，我国国民经济运行环境发生了许多深刻变化，其中之一就是市场供求格局发生了根本性转变，买方市场初步形成，居民消费需求对国民经济发展的影响力不断增大。但从现实情况看，消费率过低而储蓄率过高将可能导致我国经济增长在今后一个时期内受到国内市场需求不足的约束。因此，大力发展消费信贷，实行鼓励消费政策，达到扩大内需带动国民经济持续快速增长目标，是我国政府当前经济政策调整的基本取向。同时经济全球化和金融市场一体化趋势更加显著，我国银行业将不可避免地、越来越多地融入国际竟争当中。而当前由于我国处于经济转轨时期，国有企业经营困难，使得商业银行不良信贷资产居高不下，传统的存贷款业务带来的利润减少，银行迫切需要寻找新的有效的经济增长点。发展消费信贷是改变这种不利局面的一个突破口。一方面可改变银行把资金一味贷给企业的做法，降低由产业因素导致的风险；另一方面可使银行面对自身“软约束、硬负债”的现状，获得更多的可靠资金来源。同时，西方发达国家经验也表明消费信贷是各个银行扩大经营规模、拓展业务、增加收入、提高市场竞争力的重要手段。因此大力发展消费信贷，成为我国商业银行现实而必然的选择。 然而，我国消费信贷的发展却未尽人意，消费贷款在商业银行的贷款业务中占比极小，与西方发达国家相比，差距较大。怎样进一步发展我国消费信贷，发挥消费信贷作用？这正是我们经济工作者研究的课题之一。本文尝试从消费信贷的需求、供给两方面入手进行研究，在马克思主义经济学和现代经济理论指导下，利用大量的实证调查资料，与国外发达国家的消费信贷进行比较分析，运用定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法，研究制约我国消费信贷发展的因素，探索发展我国消费信贷的对策建议。 本文分为四部分 第一部分“消费信贷概论”。本文首先对消费信贷概念。种类、特点作了一般的探讨，同时阐述当前我国发展消费信贷的意义，并介绍了消费信贷在国内外的发展状况。浙江大学硕上学位论文 发展消费信贷的制约因素及对策研究 消费信贷需求是基于消费者对商品和服务需求而产生的。因此在第二部分先分析当前居民对消费品需求状况；而后在问卷调查基础上，在相关理论指导下，对消费信贷需求进行实证分析。在以上分析基础上，指出消费者对消费信贷的经济承贷能力低、心理承贷能力弱是制约消费信贷发展的主要的需求方因素。 第三部分主要从消费信贷主要供给者商业银行经营原则（效益性、流动性、安全性）出发，结合国外在消费信贷方面先进经验，采用比较分析方法，从消费信贷机构主体、利益机制、安全性风险、流动性风险、信用风险以及法规政策等方面进行比较，研究探讨制约消费信贷发展的供给方因素。同时也指出消费环境和社会保障机制不完善是制约消费信贷发展的两个主要社会经济因素。 要发展消费信贷，必须解决制约消费信贷发展的不良因素，以给我国消费信贷发展塑造一个良好环境。由第二、三部分分析可知，制约消费信贷发展的因素是多方面的。因此发展消费信贷的对策也是多层次、多方面的。本文于最后着重提出发展我国消费信贷的对策建议。认为发展我国消费信贷应该要：①银行应转变经营观念，在消费信贷业务品种、运作、管理、服务等方面加强创新，更好地满足不同消费者的不同需求；②引导消费者转变消费观念、增强消费者对消费信贷的承受能力；③发挥政府作用，“市场不能做的，由政府来做”，从推进利率市场化、建立个人信用制度、建立担保抵押保险制度、培育二级市场以及法律法规等方面为消费信贷发展营造一个顺畅的社会经济环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 After being reform and opening over twenty years, the economic operating circumstances of national economy of our country have been made deep changes, one of these is the structure of supply and demand has been made essential change -the buyer’s market has been formed. Meanwhile, consumption demand of residents makes a great influence on developing national economy and the influence rise constantly. However, as far as present circumstances are concerned, the low consumption rate and high save rate may be caused economy growth of our country, which is restricted by inadequate domestic market demand in a long period. So it becomes the present basic economic policy of our country government that developing consumer credit and exercise encouraging consumption policy to achieve the aim that expand the domestic demand to promote national economy growth continually and quickly. Moreover, with the tendency of economic globalization and financial market-backed integration become more notable. Our country banking industry will unavoidably participate in international competition more and more. But, that our country is at the turning point of economy and the national enterprises’ management is difficult make the unhealthy credit assets of commercial bank high and the profit of business of tradition deposit and loan declined, and commercial bank urges to find a new effective source of revenue. That developing consumer credit is a major way to change present unfavorable situation of commercial bank. For one thing, it could change the situation that commercial bank loan capital to enterprises only, and reduce the risk causing by industrial factors; For another it could change the status quo of commercial bank’s " soft restriction, hard debt" and obtain more trustworthy source of fund. Meanwhile, the experience of western developed countries has been indicated that consumer credit is an important means for commercial bank to expand scale of management, increase income and improve the ability of market competition. Thus, devoting major efforts to developing consumer credit has been a sort of realistic and inexorable selection for commercial bank.However, the development of consumer credit of our country is not so smooth, the rate of the amount of consumer loan to the amount of total loan is very small, the gap is large comparing with western developed countries. Then how to deeply develop consumer credit in China and how to give full play to affect of consumer credit, which is a task for our economical workers to research. Therefore the factors of demander and supplier restricting the development of consumer credit and analyzed in the present. On the basic of foreign successful experience, a great of investigative materials, countermeasures to developconsumer credit are presented.Part I is about the outline of consumer credit. First, this article discusses the conception, forms and characteristics of consumer credit. Then the article elaborates the significance of developing consumer credit in our country. And it also introduces the development status quo of consumer credit in home and abroad.Consumer’s demand for goods and services produces the demand for consumer credit, so in part II, this article analyses the present consumer’s demand for goods and services firstly. Then under the guidance of relevant theories, it analyses demand of consumer credit basing on material of investigation. Base on analysis above, it puts forward that the low economic capacity and weak psychological capacity of consumer of bearing consumer loan are the major factors of demander, which restrict the developing of consumer credit.In part III, it mainly inquires into the restrictive factors of supplier in developing consumer credit according the principle of management of the major supplier of consumer credit -commercial bank, and by comparing the developing condition of consumer credit at home and abroad in many ways such as the system of organization of providing consumer credit, the interest rate of consumer loan, safety risk, liqui更多还原