【作者】 冯立明；

【导师】 王（木丹）；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 当今社会，知识经济已初见端倪，我们将跨入新的经济时代。在知识经济时代，高质量的人力资源最为关键。敦育为迎接新时代的到来，必须培养出高质量的人才以适应时代的进步与教育自身的发展。要培养高质量的人才，必须深化教育改革，挖掘人的创造潜能，推行创造教学。 创造教学思想与教学实践在中外教育史上由来已久，先后经历了以教师为中心、以学生为中心、以课程为中心三个历史阶段。对于培养学生的创造性而言，以教师为中心，强调的是教师的教学方法的重要性；以学生为中心，突出的是学生的学习心理的首要性；以课程为中心，重视的是课程结构与课程内容的基础性。 笔者在对中外教育工作者探索创造教学的研究中得出：创造教学是指通过提高学生的判断、选择和决策能力，培养他们的创新意识、创新思维和创新人格为目标的活动。然而，培养学生创造性的途径来看却有很大差别。有的是从改变教学方法入手，有的是从改变学生的学习心理入手，有的是从改变课程结构与课程内容入手，总的现状是：如何培养学生的创造性仍缺乏一个整体的思路。这阻碍了创造教学的进—步深化和发展。 我们从自组织理论的角度出发，力求对如伺培养学生的创造性提供—个整体的思路。自组织理论所研究的问题是客观事物自主地从无序到有序、从简单到复杂、从低级到高级演变的内在机制。它包括开放性、协同性和有序性等三个主要的原理。开放是前提，协同是动力，有序是方向。它与创造教学之间是共性与个性的关系。作为共性的—面，创造教学的深化和发展必须符合自组织理论的要求，创造教学系统必须是一个开放的系统、—个协同的系统、—个有序的系统。作为个性的一面，创造教学通过创造性与自组织理论发生关联。表现在：第一，学生的判断、选择和决策能力的形成有赖于教学系统的开放性。其中，学生选择能力的培养离不开教学内容的开放性；学生判断能力的培养离不开教学的开放性；学生决策能力的培养离不开学生自身的开放性。第二，学生创造性人格的培养有赖于教学系统的协同性。第三，学生创造性思维的发展有赖于教学系统的有序性。 目前，影响创造教学的主要原因是：教学系统的开放性不足，教学系统的协同性不足，教学系统的有序性不足。故要促进学生创造性的发展，相应的教学对策是：其一，调整课程的结构，加强教学民主，鼓励学生的批判意识，促进教学系统的开放；其二，让教学远离平衡态，加强教学的非线性作用，健全完善的反馈机制，促进教学系统的协同。第三，加强对教学内容的改革，促使课程内容有序化，加强对教学的改革，促使教学出现涨落，使教学走向有序。 本论文是在“应然”范围内进行的理论探讨与研究，而这—研究基于笔者对于自组织理论研究现状与创造教学问题研究现状的认识。囿于本人认识的局限性，在写作中对更深层次的问题有待进一步挖掘。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research on the Self-organizationTheory’s Influence on Creative TeachingABSTRACTIn present society, a new kind of economic form has appeared gradually, we will enter into a new economic era, In economic era, high quality man power resource is the main key point to meet the new era, high quality talent trained by education must adapt to the progress of new era and the educational development. To train high quality talent, education reform must be deepened on, human’ creative power must be developed and creative teaching must be carried outThe thought of creative teaching and its teaching practice have been existing for a tang time in the education history at home and abroad. It experienced three historic periods, when the teachers, the students and the courses one after another become the center of it. As to the training of the students’ creativeness, the way cf the teachers; being the center emphasizes the importance of the teachers’ teaching method. The way of the students’ being the center stresses on the importance of the students’ learning psychology and the way of the courses being the center underlines the importance of the structure and content of the courses.From the different educational staff members’ probing into the creative teaching home and abroad, the conception of creative teaching can be defined that refers to the educational thought, educational philosophy and educational practice which aims on training the students’ creative consciousness, the students’ creative consciousness, creative thought and creative character through improving their ability to judge, choose and decide. But the ways to train the students’ creativeness are much different. Some start with changing the teaching method, some begin with changing the students’ learning psychology, and some proceed from changing the structure and content of the course. The present situation is that the whole train of thinking how to train the students’ creativeness has not existed yet and it prevents creative teaching from being deepened and developed.From the view of self-organization theory, we manage to find out a train of thinking in a whole to train the students’ creativeness. The problem that the self-organization theory studies is the internal mechanism that objective things devebp from no-sequence, simplicity and tow-level to having sequence, complexity and high-level. It includes three main principles, which is openness, synergetics and having sequences. Openness is the premise, coordination is the motive power, having sequences is the direction. The relation between it and deepening creative teaching is the relation of generality and individuality as an aspect of generality, deepening and developing the creative teaching must meet with the requirement of self-organization theory the creative teaching system should be system of openness synergeticness and having sequence, as an aspect of individuality. Creative teaching relates to self- organization theory by way of creativity, which is showed in the following. First the formation of the students ability to judge choose and decidedepends on the openness of teaching system, among which training the students’ ability to choose can’t do without the openness of teaching content, training the students’ ability to judge can’t do without the openness of teaching and training the students’ ability to decide can’t do without the openness of the students themselves. Secondly, the training of the students’ creative character depends on the synergerticness of the teaching system. Thifdiy, the develop of the students’ creative thinking depends on teaching’s having sequence.At present the following will present the main courses that affect creative teaching: The teaching system is short of openness, synergetics and having sequences. To promote the development of the students’ creativeness, we must carry out the following counter-measures: Rrst, adjusting the structure of the course .strengthening teaching democracy, encouraging the students’ criticizing consciousness, and更多还原