【作者】 王修强；

【导师】 盖钧镒； 宋启建；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 大豆花叶病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus，SMV）是大豆的一种世界性重大病害，严重影响大豆产量和品质，对大豆生产构成很大威胁。国内外学者已就株系鉴定、抗源筛选和抗性遗传育种及抗性基因分子标记等进行了广泛的研究。南京农业大学最先开展了我国SMV株系的分离鉴定和大豆种质资源的搜集、研究与利用，基本明确了大豆对SMV株系抗性的遗传机制，选育了许多广谱抗源材料。本实验在黄淮和长江中下游地区广泛采集病毒标样，基本明确该区SMV株系组成、分布，筛选一批在新株系群分化条件下表现良好抗性的大豆种质，利用已确定的抗感杂交组合，在高世代材料上进行株系专化抗性接种鉴定，分析、研究抗性遗传规律，以期为大豆抗大豆花叶病毒育种和抗病基因定位及克隆提供参考信息和实验基础。 在黄淮和长江中下游地区共采集标样231个，经分层抽样对135个进行生物学测定和血清学验证，有81个表现为SMV阳性反应，根据81个病毒分离物在25个大豆品种上的反应，选用南农1138-2、齐黄10号、8101、铁丰25、Davis、Buffalo、早熟18、广吉、齐黄1号九个品种作为一套株系鉴别寄主，将81个毒株划为SC-1～SC-8八个株系群。其中弱毒株系群SC-1、SC-3分布较广，株系群SC-4和SC-8仅在江苏南京发现。株系群在黄淮和长江中下游地区不同省份分布不同，同一省份不同地区田间发病情况和株系群分布也有所不同，田间发病比较严重的地区（江苏如皋、江苏江浦等）发现有多种株系群同时存在。株系群SC-1～SC-8与美国G₁～G₇、江苏Sa～Sh、湖北S₁～S₂、东北S1-1M～S3-3N、山东y₁～y₇等株系的比较结果表明：只有SC-1、SC-2与S1-1M、S2-1M、S2-1N，SC-3与Sf，SC-8与y₄致病力相当，在一些鉴别寄主上的反应相同，但因采用的鉴别寄主并未完全覆盖原鉴定时的全部材料，是否为同一株系（群）还有待于通过其他途径做进一步验证，其余株系（群）间品种反应明显不同，不存在对应关系。与文献报道比较，本区株系群结构有所变化，出现了一些新株系群。本区新株系群的出现直接影响各省SMV株系的组成与流行，为育种者制订合理的育种方案，有目的地选育推广抗SMV品种提供理论依据。 用混合株系群接种法测定了143份大豆品种（品系）对SC-1～SC-8混合株系群的抗性反应。结果表明：在SMV新株系群分化条件下，许多抗病品种表现为感病，而新近育成的部分大豆品系表现出较好抗性。初步筛选出科丰1号、山东7222等32份抗性材料，并对其进行流行弱株系群SC-1和强株系群SC-8的专化抗性接种试验，进一步选出科丰1号、大白麻、NJ9831004等21份高抗材料。 在大豆对SMV抗感亲本间杂交组合的遗传实验中，利用杂交组合科丰1号×南农1138-2，通过对其P₁、P₂、F_2:3和F_7:10的206个家系的网室抗性接种鉴定和遗传分析，得出广谱抗源科丰1号对SMV株系群SC-8的专化抗性是由单一显性基因位点控制的孟德 审京贝丛大什闪士枪丈：黄是和长o申下络地区删抹系墨民、貌顷Q这丛玫让这讨研翼尔遗传的结论。这与前人在不同抗源材料上的研究结果相对一致，从而验证了大豆对SMV抗性基本的遗传机制，并且进一步扩展了前人针对科丰1 号这一广谱抗源材料抗性遗传的研究结果。 本研究就人巳花叶病毒的株系鉴定和命名、田间株系群体结构变迂、浆别寄主的选川、抗源筛选及抗性遗传等方面进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is one of the most serious diseases in soybean production all over the world. Studies on identification of strains screening for resistant germplasm, inheritance of resistance, genetic improvement of resistance and molecular marker of genes resistant to SMV strains in soybeans had been conducted. In the present study, specimens of soybean virus collected from Huang-Huai and the Middle and Lower of Changjiang river valleys were used to study the identification, distribution and change of SMV strains in these areas, and to screen for germplasm resistant to the newly identified SMV strains. Meanwhile, the soybean cultivars clearly resistant or susceptible to SMV strain were used to analyze the inheritance of resistance to SMV strain in multiple generations, in order to provide some useful information for soybean breeding for disease resistance arid to make preparations for the mapping and cloning of resistance genes. Eighty-one specimens of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) were identified and classified into eight stain groups as SC-I C-S based on disease reaction on twenty-five soybean cultivars. From these the nine cultivars including Nannong 1138-2, Qihuang No.10, 8101, Tiefeng No.25, Davis, Buffalo, Zaoshu 18, Kwanggyo, and Qihuang No.1 were selected as a set of differential hosts to identified the SMV strain groups. The comparison of SMV strains SC-I C-S with SMV-American strains G,7, SMV-iiangsu strains Sah, SMV-Hubei strains S1---S2, SMV-Northeast of China strains Sl-1M-S3-3N and SMV-Shandong strains y1----y, showed that only the SC-l and SC-2 had the same reactions on most but not complete differential hosts with the SI-1M, S2-IN, and S2-1M, the same to the SC-3 and Sf, the SC-8 and y~. Reactions of the rest of them on the differetials were obviously different. Twenty-one cultivars and lines with elite resistance to SMV strains were selected through inoculation by isolated with the mixture of SC-i C-8 strain groups and subsequently with the SC-I and SC-8 respectively The responses of P1. P,, F2.3, and F7:10 lines to the SC-S strain group in the cross between Kefeng No. I and 1138-2 were investigated to examine the inheritance of resistance to SC-S. The results showed that the resistance to SC-S in Kefeng No. I was controlled by a dominant gene which was denoted here as R58 temporary.更多还原