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链格孢菌毒素及其对紫茎泽兰的致病机理
On Alternaria alternata Toxin and Mechanism of Its Pathogenicity to Eupatorium adenophorum
【作者】 万佐玺;
【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 , 植物学, 2000, 硕士
【摘要】 链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissler)是紫茎泽兰(Eupatoriun adenophorum Spreng.)的自然致病菌,其致病的主要因素是其毒素的作用,本文对其产毒能力、产毒培养条件、毒素提纯、毒素作用范围及致病机制进行了较为全面的研究。 通过对种子萌发抑制法、幼苗浸渍法、叶圆片法、针刺法等毒素生测方法的比较分析,确定针刺法为链格孢菌毒素的主要生测方法;并以针刺法对501、503、402、LS、YN、AW等6个菌株的产毒能力进行比较,筛选出501菌株产毒能力最强。 从供试的4种固体培养基(小麦、玉米、大豆、大米等)分析,小麦培养基最利于501菌株产毒,其最佳含水量为40%左右;从供试的3种液体培养基(PSK、SCSC、紫茎泽兰叶汁培养基)分析,产毒差异不显著。考虑到培养基的制备、无菌滤液的生测、毒素的提纯等工作的方便,确定PSK为产毒培养的最佳培养基。研究表明,液体培养时间为5-7天,pH值为4.13、温度为25℃、静置、黑暗等条件有利于毒素的产生。 501菌株产生的致病毒素比较稳定,pH、温度、贮存时间对毒素的活性没有明显的影响;501菌株产生的毒素具有一定的选择作用特性,苦苣菜、鸭跖草、火柴头、刺槐、水花生和红花酢浆草等敏感性较高,可作为毒素提纯和评价的生测材料。 通过萃取、硅胶柱层析、薄层分离等方法,提纯得到了501菌株产生的对紫茎泽兰有致病作用的毒素,其紫外最大吸收峰在296nm,Rf=0.34。毒素的活性很高,1μg/g的毒素水溶液即可引起紫茎泽兰叶片典型的病斑,5μg/g的毒素水溶液浸渍处理培育2个月的紫茎泽兰幼苗根部,12h即可使幼苗茎萎缩,叶片萎蔫。 致病毒素对紫茎泽兰离体叶片细胞膜的透性有明显的影响,引起K~+、Na~+严重渗漏,叶片组织的MDA含量上升;致病毒素使紫茎泽兰离体叶片CAT、POD、APX等保护酶的活性下降,最终导致紫茎泽兰叶片感病。 通过对链格孢菌毒素的研究,证实链格孢菌使紫茎泽兰叶片致病的机理与致病毒素关系密切,为开发501菌株的菌丝体作为防除紫茎泽兰 — — 的莫蓖戳享剂慑侯了可@的羹讼依沼,亦为开发扛羹登作为生物回化学 除享赐捉侯了曹回瞩欠奎回.
【Abstract】 Alternaria altern仍a(Fr一 Kelssler Is a natural pathogen tocrofton weed(E叩aorium adenophorum),while th main 脉tor resulted indiseases was phytotoxln produced by the fun圳.ExPenments wereconducted to study the capability and culture conditions of toxin production,andthe purification,pathogemc range and physlolo9caf mechanism of*theismtOXlll. Bycomparingmethods ofexclsed leaf比st,seedlingso欢lug,n的dlepuncturingand seedgemlnatlon仙lblting,needlepunct皿ngwasdetermlnedasthe malnbloass时 methods forA.alternaMtoxin.Byusingneedle punctunng,the toxin-Woducing ca帅ility of six isolates 501,503,402,LS,YN and AWAWhadhen assessd,andthe results showedthatthetoxin-producing则o劝lity of Isolate 501 was池e highest. By anaiyung the 4 tested solid media (whea,corn,soybean and rice),whet!me山M io40% water was SS讪巾kbrkd出卜 501 to prcdoducetoxin.Thoe was not slplfic咖 di地心mc of toxin pencing cpeility ontbee h…d c咖皿 media(PSK,SCSC andand tcafjui比 ofcrofton weed).horder to facilitate the pepa觎ion ofcuh叮e me山urn,bloassay ofascptlcmtrate and pdncation oftoxln,PSx was sebded as the m时or culturemedium for producing toxins.Exprlmental results showed that themaximum toxin production was加tamed at 25℃,pH 4.13 under static anddarkcondltlon,and the optimum on扣吐e time was 5-7 d叮s. P8thogClllC tOXlll PfodllCCd by ISO18tC 50!WSS fC18tlVC!y StsblC.PH,temperature,storagetlmedldnotbave sl队lficantlmpactonthebloactlvltles of toxin.Dxlns prduced by Isolate 50 somewhat hadhost·speclDc activity,Sonchus derace叭 Commellna communls,乙mmeljna bengalensis,Robtnia pseu加acacia,AI格rnanthera 英文嫡羹75phlloxero,血s,h吧ar,a ananassa were highly sensitive and could be usedasbloassay materlalsto isolate andevaluate the toxin. The phytotoxln to the weed from Isolate 501 was isolated and purlhedby usingabstract,column chromatography and TLC.The maximallyabsorbed Peak wavelenph of the toxin produced by Isolate 501,which waspathogenlc toE adenOPhorum,was 296urn,and the Rfwas 0.34. Thetoxln had hlghblologlcal activity.hxln at卜g/gcould causetypical leafspotdlsease.Aftertreatment for 12 hours,toxin at 5 u gig couldcause stem atrophy and leafwlltofZ-month-oldE.adenoPhorum seedling.Thetoxln Influencedonthe perme劝lllty ofcell membrane oft.adenophorum!eaves In vato,caused serious leakage of K”and Na“,andIncreased MDA content of leaf tissue.Meanwhile,blobelcal actlvltles ofprotective enzymes suchas C矾 POD and APXdecreased,resulting Indisease ofE.adenoPhorum leaves. The studyofphyslologlcal mechanism oftoxlnprovedthatpathogenlcltyofA.alternatatoleaves oft.adenOPhorum hadcloserelatlonshlpwlth toxins.The research results would provldethetheoretlcalbasis ofdevelopment ofa mycoherblclde for crofton weed usingthe fingusandor卿lsm-sourceherblclde usingthetoxln.
【Key words】 Alternaria alternata; purification; phytotoxin; Eupatoriumadenophorum; pathogenic mechanism;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 南京农业大学 【网络出版年期】2002年 01期
- 【分类号】S451
- 【被引频次】19
- 【下载频次】739