GIS支持下的枣庄市羊庄盆地地下水资源动态分析

【作者】 吴元芳；

【导师】 徐跃通；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 枣庄市羊庄盆地是山东省南部岩溶地下水水源地之一，国家地矿部将其作为北方典型岩溶地下水进行了研究，由省水文三队承接的枣庄羊庄盆地均衡实验研究已进行了十几年，积累了大量的基础资料和实测数据。由于地下水资源系统比地表水体更具有复杂性，到目前为止整个盆地的详查工作还没有完成，并且很多工作还停留在人工作业的水平上，时效性和科学性受到限制。本文在前人工作的基础上尝试利用GIS有关功能，对该盆地地下水资源动态进行分析探讨。全文共分6部分： 1.区域概况，论述影响地下水资源的地形、地貌、气候、水文、水文地质等条件，以及这些条件对地下水资源动态的制约作用。 2.用GIS建立地下水资源动态分析的数据库。将属性数据和空间数据分别输入，属性数据包括所有基础数据和由此派生的相关数据，空间数据通过地图数字化分层提取，用于空间分析和建立专题地图。 3.地下水资源动态分析得出如下结论：地下水水质基本没有受到人为污染；地下水位动态特点是时间上短期补给、常年排泄，空间上大面积分散补给、集中排泄；地下水具有庞大的储存空间，具有多年调节作用，枯水季节（年）借用静储量或丰水季节（年）储备水量；地下水资源处于动态均衡中，多年补给量与排泄量持平。 4.水资源量计算和供需平衡预测表明目前状况地下水未出现缺口，但随着社会需水量的增加或遇到干旱年份势必出现地下水供不应求的问题，2000年和2010年75％降水频率分别缺水1314.09万m~3、2738.24万m~3，若为满足需求盲目采水就很容易造成超采等一系列不良地质环境灾害。 5.加强水资源管理刻不容缓，地表水与地下水综合开发联合调度，重点是增加地下水补给量，开源节流，将雨季白白跑掉的水资源和粗放型农业灌溉浪费的水资源拦蓄、储存或转化为地下水；建立水量水质长期监控系统，及时提供水资源信息；上、中、下游工程相配套，因地制宜地做好水资源开发、利用、保护工作；加强水资源行政管理，发挥政府管理监督作用，使水资源开发、保护走向正规化、科学化、制度化：根扼1山Z自然资源的特点和当地实际，建设水利工程的同时开发旅游资源，发展旅游业。 6．认识和结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yangzhuang basin in the city of Zaozhuang is one of the sources of karst groundwater in the south of Shandong province. National mineral deposit department has researched it as the typical boreal karst groundwater. The research of balancing experiment of Yangzhuang basin in the city of Zaozhuang by the third hydrological team of province has been on several years and accumulated lots of basic materials and physical measured data. Owing to the complex nature of the groundwater resources system far beyond that of surface water system, the detailed investigationwork to the whole basin has not been finished and much work has stayed in the lever of artificial operation, Which limited in the time and effect nature and scientific approach. This article try to use relational function of GIS to research and analyzc the development of groundwater resources in this basin based on the work of predecessor. The whole article is divided into six parts: 1. Regional general situation. Discussion of the terms which influenced groundwater resources, such as iandform, terrain, climate and hydrogeology, et, and the constrained effect of these terms to thedevelopment of groundwater resources. 2.Build the database of analysis of the development of the groundwater resources. Input the attributive data and special data respectively, attributive data include all basic data and relational data derived from them, while the special data collected stratifiedly through the numberlization of map arc used in special analysis and to build thematic map. 3. Analytic conclusion of the development of groundwater resources is: the water quality of groundwater resources is not principally suffered from artificial pollution; the characteristics of the development of groundwater lever is: supplying in short time and drainage throughout the entire year in the time level, supplying separated in large areas and drainage conccntratively in space. Groundwater has large store space and has the adjustable effect of many years, and groundwater resources are in the dynamic balance: the perennial supply is balanced with perennial drainage. 4. he calculation of the quality of water resources and the forecast of supply and demand show that the groundwater has not appeared gaps. With the increase of the quantity of social demand or come across with the drought years, there will appear the problem of supply doe not meet with demand. If the frequency of precipitat ion is 75% in the year of 2000 and 2010, the deficitwill be 1.314 km3 and 2.738 km3 respectively. if we extract water blindly in order to meet with demand, there will easily he overexploited and a series of others harmful geological environmental disasters. 5. It is of great urgency to reinforce the management of water resources. Surface water and groundwater should be exploited synthetically and controlled combinedly, during which the stresses are the increasing of the quantity of groundwater supply and broaden the sources of income and economize the expenditure, furthermore, water resources fled vainly in the flood season and wasted in the irrigation of extensive cultivation should be retained , stored or changed frito groundwater; building long ime inspect and control system of water quality and quantity, supplying the information of water resources in time; engineering in the upper, middle and lower leaches of rivers should be matched, development, utilizati更多还原