疑问祈使句

【作者】 高增霞；

【导师】 高更生；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 疑问祈使句是一种需要回答的“间接问句”。这一现象早有学者注意到，但尚无专门、全面的研究。本文通过调查大量语言事实，从性质、特点、分类系统、反应系统四个方面描写说明这一语言现象。 全文分五个部分：（一）性质。主要讨论其语气类型。句类的本质是语用的，是一种句法一语用类型。区分句类，依据的是与句法形式相联系的句子的功能，但从方法上应从形式出发，根据负载功能信息的形式特征进行分类。疑问句、祈使句都有各自的特征。根据所讨论的这类句子的形式特点将其定性为“疑问祈使句”。（二）特点。其特点为：由一个祈使形式和一个疑问形式嵌合而成，表达祈使、疑问两种功能。这是通过对前、后两段在结构、语义、使用上的各种关系的分析认识到的。其结构上的特点为功能特点的实现提供了基础。本节还讨论了“你说”“你猜”等的结构成分地位、功能强度及其与动词的虚实、各种语气类型之间的关系。（三）分类系统。按照使用时构件是否完整，可分为完全句和缺省句；根据所祈使的行为可分为言语动作行为句和认知动作行为句；根据句子的使用意图，可分为真性疑问祈使句和假性疑问祈使句。并对各类型的成因或作用等加以阐释。（四）反应系统。对言语动作行为句的反应有回答、不回答问题两种情况，对于认知动作行为句可以根据[士动作][士回答]划分为四种基本的反应类型。对假性疑问祈使句可针对其含义，也可像对待真性祈使句一样作出反应。 最后是余论，提出“功能成分”，即句子中含有的可发挥交际功能的结构成分。文中给出含有功能成分的五种形式。其来源有二：一是通过添加辅助功能项，使原来单纯的功能句降级为功能成分；一是通过规约的力量将非功能成分提升为功能成分。有关问题有待进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Questionarily imperative sentence (or Q-imperative sentence) isa kind of 揑ndirectional sentence?which needs to be answered. Sucha linguistic phenomenon was noticed, but has not been studiedspecially and comprehensively. In this thesis, we make a research onthe properties~ characteristics~ types and reactions of this kind ofsentence by a study of a great deal of linguistic facts.The thesis consists of five sections: (1) Properties. In this section we抣l mainly discuss the functional property: which functional type it belongs to. The functional types of sentence are syntactical-pragmatical ones essentially. So the criterion of classification should be the function of a sentence related to the constructional form of the sentence. But when we judge the functional type of the sentence, we should classify it according to its formal features. Both interrogative sentences and imperative sentences have their own fromal features. According to the formal features of the sentences discussed, we define them as 搎uestionarily imperative sentences? (2) Characterstics. The Q-imperative sentence comprises an interrogative form which is inserted in an imperative form, and functions both as an interrogative sentence and as an imperative sentence. These characteristics are recognised through the analysis of the relations between the first-half and the second-half of the sentence in construction~, meaning and using. In this section we also discuss other problems such as the status of 揘i Cai?揘i Shuo?in the eonstruction~ the functional intensivities and their relationship with the verbs~ the functional types of sentences. (3) Types. We devide this kind of sentence into perfect sentence and imperfect sentence according to whether or not all parts of the sentence are present; or speaking-action sentence and cognative-action sentence2arcording to the action required by the user; or real Q-imperative sentence and insincere Q-imperative sentence, according to the mortivation of the user. We抣l make some interpretions on the causes of formation or the functions of some types as well.(4) Reactions. There are two kinds of reactions to speaking-action sentence: to answer or not, while four basic kinds of reactions are found to cognative-action sentence by the terms of [?act] and f ?answer]. When it comes to the insincere Q-imperative sentence, the listener can react either according to the user抯 real mortivation or as if it were a real Q-imperative sentence.In the last section we抣l introduce the concept of functional part which can transmit communicational massage. According to data on hand, we find there are five kinds of sentences that have functional parts. Such parts are formed in two ways: the degradation of a former functional sentence into a functional part by adding auxiliary items to it, and the promotion of a former non-functional part into a funtional part by the force of stipulation.更多还原