渤海湾海丰盐场卤虫的生活史和种群动态

【作者】 管越强；

【导师】 印象初；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 水生生物学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验研究了位于渤海湾地区的海兴县海丰盐场卤虫的生活史、种群动态和盐度对种群和繁殖的影响。调查过程中发现有许多雄体，系孤雌生殖型卤虫Artemia parthenogenetica与两性生殖型卤虫Artemia franciscana Kellogg共存，在9、10月份一场2池以后者为主。在1999年共出现6个世代。3月底，越冬的卤虫卵孵化出第一代卤虫。种群密度的高峰期出现在5月中下旬和八月下旬，自八月下旬开始卤虫数量不断下降。9月中下旬，第六代卤虫行卵生，卤虫数量继续下降，11月中旬卤虫基本消失。成体比例在适合卤虫生长的盐池出现4、5次大的波动，到9月中旬以后比例持续增高，最后池中几乎全是成体。用不带常数项的二次方程对各月份种群密度的自然对数与盐度进行拟合，适宜盐度为9.30-12.43°Bé，超出此范围种群密度变小。低于6°Bé或高于20°Bé几乎不见卤虫。9、10月份海丰一场1池每雌每次怀卵数达83.2±29.50、83.3±24.02个，为实验中出现的两个最高值。建立了各月份每雌每次怀卵数与盐度的线性回归方程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The brine shrimp Artemia’s life history, population dynamics and effects of salinity on population traits and reproduction traits were studied at Haifeng Saltworks, which situated along Bohai Bay. There were many male adults in the salt pond during the study. It inferred that the Artemia parthenogenetica population was mixed with Artemia franciscana Kellogg population. There are six generations altogether during one year. The first generation hatched from overwintering cysts in late March.. The sixth generation reproduced oviparously in midst September. The population density reached its maximum in midst May. In summer, the population density declined. In late summer, the density increased and reached another maximum. Consequently, it declined and never increased till the population almost disappeared in midst November. The percentage of adults among the population fluctuated several times during one year. From midst September, it increased continually until the population was totally composed of adults. The quadratic equations between salinity and the log- transformed densities from May to October were established. The optimum range of salinity is 9.30 12.43o Be. There were few Artemia in the salt pond whose salinity was below 6 or in excess of 200 Be. The linear regression equations between mean individual fecundity and salinity were established from July to October. The two highest mean individual fecundity were 83.2 ?29. 50 and 83.3 ?24. 02 /female, which occurred in No.1 salt pond of No; 1 Saltworks in September and October.更多还原